对青海省重大文体活动进行市场化运作必要性的思考

文章通过对青海省近几年来重大文体活动运行现状的分析,指出了青海省重大文体活动现行机制中存在的主要问题。在此基础上提出为减轻政府财政压力和进一步提高大型活动的运作效率,必须建立健全市场化机制,通过市场化运作充分挖掘社会力量办重大文体活动的潜力,实现资金筹措多元化,保证青海省重大文体活动健康、持续的发展。     

A River Runs Through It: Morphological and Landowner Sensitivities Along the Upper Missouri River, Montana, USA

Landowners along the Missouri River in Montana believe that the operation of Fort Peck Dam has initiated bank erosion, thus threatening agricultural development within the region. Their concerns have been heightened by proposals to increase discharge in order to enhance fisheries and wildlife interests. Geomorphological evaluation indicates that bed degradation and bank erosion have declined since construction of the dam, and the channel is now approaching dynamic equilibrium; public sensitivity to the proposed change is greater than the morphological sensitivity of the river. Sustainable management of the Missouri is now based on strategies that place more emphasis on partnership with local citizens.     

试论旅游活动"新六要素"

吃、住、行、游、购、娱六要素是旅游活动最低层次的需要、最基本的保证。我国旅游业经过数十年的发展,旅游活动的要素有了变化。本文提出了现阶段的旅游活动“新六要素”：资源、环境、文化、科技、余暇、金钱,试图解释旅游活动的要素应当随着旅游业的发展而变化。     

西安市市民出游行为研究

本文在详细的市场调查基础上,分析了西安市民出游的行为特征,重点探讨了行为特征形成的深层原因,并对以西安为代表的内陆大城市和沿海城市居民出游规律做了对比分析,从而对西安市民的出游行为有了较深刻的认识,为西安市旅游决策提供了科学的依据。     

Soil chemical identification of ten thousand years of prehistoric human activity areas at the Munsungun Lake Thoroughfare,Maine

Soils on a Palaeo-Indian to historic sequence in one Maine locale are analysed for chemical enrichment. To guide excavation of four discrete sites up to 4000 m², samples are collected in grid patterns and analysed for pH, Mg, P and Ca. Concentrations of Mg point to probable hearths to define some centres of human activity on each site. These correlate well with anomalies determined independently by magnetometric survey. Excavation of anomalies provides evidence of hearths, culturally diagnostic artifacts, but also features resulting from tree-throw and drainage variation. The P and Ca results develop definition and delimitation of activity areas thus refining directions for further excavation. Since P and Ca concentrations result from substantial or sustained human occupation, they show promise for preexcavation differentiation of habitation sites from limited and specialized activity sites such as lithic chipping stations. Soil chemical analysis provides both a synchronic and diachronic preview of site perimeters, size and activity areas. The consistent site definition at the Munsungun Lake thoroughfare is useful for explaining patterns as well as locating them.     

评清末民初的留学生归国考试

留学生归国考试是介于废除科举和实施文官考试之间的一种独特的选拔人才形式。它不仅检验了早期留学活动,并且影响着留学生活动的规模与方向,推动了中国留学活动进入新的阶段。它不仅对科举制度进行了批判性的总结,并且为文官考试在形式与内容上树立了榜样,推动了中国新式铨选制度的建立。     

Effect of Scale on the Links between Walking and Urban Design

Studies of the relationship between walking and urban form consistently show that pedestrian‐friendly neighbourhoods encourage local walking. However, the geographic scale of measurement of the built environment for developing walkability indices and their relationship with different types of walking (e.g. for transport and recreation) has not been fully examined. In this study, objective measures of the built environment were developed at three geographic scales: suburb, census collection district, and 15 min walk neighbourhood for each participant. Walking for transport and recreation within the neighbourhood was measured using the Neighbourhood Physical Activity Questionnaire. The likelihood of walking at all (yes/no) and as recommended for health benefit (150 min per week) were assessed using logistic regression. The walkability index captured a strong positive relationship between urban form and walking for transport, but found no relationship at any scale for recreational walking. Participants walking for transport and living in high versus low walkable areas were 63% more likely to walk at the suburb scale (odds ratio 1.63; 95% confidence interval 1.22–2.18), twice as likely to walk at the census collection district scale, and nearly three times more likely to walk at the 15 min walk scale (odds ration 2.79; 95% confidence interval 2.09–3.73). The scale at which environmental data are measured influenced the strength of the relationship, showing that the neighbourhood 15 min from home was most predictive of transport walking. This has research and policy implications. Standardised scales across studies would both improve comparability of results and enhance understanding of the influences on walking.     

基于时空行为大数据的城市社会空间分异研究

本文对基于时空行为大数据的社会空间分异研究进行了阶段性总结,梳理了主要的研究进展、并展望未来的研究方向。已有研究利用手机数据、社交媒体数据、交通运行数据三类时空行为大数据,在多个方面推动了社会空间分异研究的进展,包括揭示了社会空间分异的多尺度动态性、实现了时空共存下个体社会环境暴露的精细化测量、丰富了社会空间分异研究的社会网络与主观认知视角;但这些研究大多止步于现象层面的关联性分析,缺少对社会空间分异深层次机制以及理论、政策外延的剖析。未来研究需充分挖掘时空行为大数据解读社会空间的潜力,通过深入理解社会空间分异的时间性、再思社会空间分异与社会融合的关系,拓展研究的理论与政策外延。     

城市老年人户外体力活动时空特征的社区分异——基于GIS、GPS、加速度计的实证研究

城市老年人的户外体力活动的时空特征直接反映了其对城市体育空间的利用情况及闲暇时间的体力活动情况。本文基于2017年南京市老年人GPS活动轨迹和GT3⁺调查的第一手数据，运用MATLAB时空密度趋势面的可视化技术和GIS测度空间面积分析并比较南京市不同社区老年人户外体力活动的时空特征、活动空间形态与面积、体力活动量等，揭示不同社区老年人户外体力活动时空特征的社区分异，为政府相关部门了解城市老年人户外活动规律提供理论依据，为城市规划建设部门改善相应的社区建成环境、促进老年人积极的生活方式提供实践指导。     

居民社区活动空间共享的公共接触潜力测度方法

社区内的日常活动空间共享有利于创造居民面对面的社会接触,进而增进理解、提升社区信任和社区融合。基于行为地理学理论与方法,提出“物质空间—活动空间共享—社会心理空间”的关系路径,揭示社区居民的活动空间共享的研究意义;从结构、层级、尺度和载体四个角度构建居民社区活动空间共享的公共接触潜力分析框架;从社区和个体两个层级构建公共接触潜力测度方法,基于共同活动的联系衡量社区居民空间共享的广泛程度和频繁程度。在理论框架与指标测度的基础上,使用上海市郊区调查数据进行实证检验,分析了活动空间共享的社区差异和个体差异。研究指出,提升居民空间共享对建设充满人气的活力社区具有意义,能够为郊区社区生活圈建设和社区治理提供支持。