论日本国民意识演变对日本外交的影响

中日邦交正常化三十多年来,中日关系经历了许多波动和曲折,其原因既有国际政治环境的因素,又有中日双方在实际交往过程中的政策和措施上的问题。而在各种因素当中,日本的社会思想意识,特别是对华认识的变化应该说是最根本的影响和制约因素。本文仅以冷战后日本社会思想意识的变化与对外政策,特别是对华政策的相互关系为考察对象,从国际政治环境、社会体制、舆论的变化进行考察,并进而分析今后日本对华政策的变化趋势。     

Ghost hands,hands of glory,and manumission in the fiction of Sheridan Le Fanu

This essay corrects a critical blindspot in the study of Anglo-Irish literature through contextualising meanings of the hand as they appeared in the fiction of Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu (1814–73). From stylised fetish object in ‘An Authentic Narrative of the Ghost of a Hand’ (1863), to symbol of the author's presence in the text in Wylder's Hand (1864), to centrepiece of a dizzying referential system in ‘The Haunted Baronet’ (1870), Le Fanu's fiction demonstrates significant indebtedness to the legend of the ‘hand of glory’. Le Fanu used this rich reference point to express the terminal insecurity of the social masters who are not free, who are in fact themselves enslaved and stupefied for reasons beyond their control. With the spectre of Catholic resurgence in mid-nineteenth-century Ireland, the impossibility of manumission from the hands that haunt functioned as a reminder of the weight of the past in Le Fanu's literary imagination.     

我国人文地理学研究的问题意识及其养成

学术研究的市场化和实用化导向日益明显,彰显了市场经济对学术的明显影响。我们的人文地理学研究也不例外,改革开放初的那点理想主义精神几乎被市场经济一扫而光。学术研究的问题意识还相当薄弱,除了商品经济这一因素的影响外,还与研究生教学的薄弱、功利化的学术评价体系以及不大讲问题的社会环境有密切的关系。加强学术管理的学术导向,在学术评价中更大范围地引入同行评议制度,引导学人把更多的精力投向对学术问题的思考和研究,以增加问题意识,进而在此基础上作出原创性的发现。     

杜维明现代知识分子观述评

五四时期,在救亡图存的社会运动中,西化派的知识分子对传统文化特别是儒家文化的阴暗面进行了猛烈的攻击,而保守派则在继承的同时艰难地寻求着儒家传统的现代转化。面对传统文化在现代所受到的强大挑战,现代社会的知识分子应该在关切政治、参与社会事务的同时,积极继承发扬传统文化中的精华,为实现传统文化的现代转化作出自己的贡献。杜维明的这一现代知识分子观在我们看来有其合理之处,同时还存在着一些不足。     

党内民主意识是党内民主发展的引擎

党内民主意识,是全体党员关于党内民主及其现象的认知、评价和情感体验,也是由此而产生的关于政治情感和民主心理的民主思想体系。党内民主意识是党内民主发展的基本要求,也是实现党内民主制度化的内在动力。不断增强党内民主意识,对于推进党内民主的深入发展具有极其重要的现实意义。     

近代日本中国观的变迁及其东亚强国地位的确立

近代以来,日本首先从文化价值观和国家定位上实现了对中国的价值自立,随后在外交实践上争得与中国平等的国际地位,在对欧美实地考察后逐渐确立起对中国的优越意识,并在对中国试探性的侵略战争中将这种优越意识固定化。依凭其在亚洲独一无二的近代化成果,日本将其近代中国观在甲午战争中付诸实践,两国近千年来的强弱态势由此发生结构性的转变,日本的东亚强国地位得以确立,并最终以君临的姿态把中国纳入其扩张视野。     

社会记忆与认同建构：松坪归侨社会地域认同的实证剖析

本文选择华侨农场和生活在农场里的归侨作为研究对象 ,运用社会记忆的相关理论 ,通过参与观察及口述访谈 ,剖析社会记忆如何作用于归侨的认同建构。本文提出 ,在对国家或地方的认同建构上 ,“归侨意识”始终贯串着归侨的集体记忆 ,认同建构是情景性的 ,流动的 ,是一个交织着多重利益的复杂的心理过程。本文希望通过实证研究 ,达到反思移民安置与地方融入这一社会现象的目的。对移民的安置不但是提供物质性安排 ,更重要的是营建一个和谐宽容的社会心理环境 ,使移民与安置地尽快融为一体 ,共谋发展     

危机意识与日本的文化特性

日本民族是一个危机意识浓重的民族,这在他们的心理特征、思想观念以及日常生活的细节当中都有充分的体现。而日本人的这种浓重的危机意识使得他们在很多方面与众不同。可以毫不夸张地说,日本人被认为是世界上的怪异民族,日本的文化被称为异质文化,与他们的那种浓重的危机意识均不无关系。     

The Traditional Arab House in the Eastern Mediterranean and its Adaptation to the Mediterranean Climate

This study examines the climate‐related methods of adaptation on which the traditional Arab house in the Eastern Mediterranean was based. We analysed nine old houses (from the 18th century to the early 20th century), built in the Arab vernacular tradition style, in three areas of Israel with different climatic conditions. Three houses in each area were chosen at random. Only nine were chosen because of the difficulty in finding houses whose state of preservation was in keeping with the aims of the research. For each house, climate‐related elements of the construction were documented. We found elements included at the design stage indicating climate consciousness, climate‐related elements due to building constraints, and building constraints in a cultural context with implications for the balance of climatic efficiency. The findings showed that climatic considerations were an integral part of the design while the principles crossed the boundaries of the three areas. Temperature, relative humidity, and heat intensity were measured, both inside and outside the house on selected days in each season. The research showed that the house moderates the impact of the outside temperature, inside the house in winter and mainly during the hot hours of the day in summer. Most of the climate‐related elements are still relevant. They can be used in regions with Mediterranean‐type climates (in the Mediterranean Basin, South Africa, central Chile, and southwestern Australia), especially when global warming and air pollution demand a substantial revolution of building design philosophies, strategies, technologies, and management methods.     

班固的史学史论述与史学史意识

史学史的研究近年来已从文本与思想的讨论深掘到意识层面的探索,历史意识、史学意识乃至史学史意识都成为探讨的课题。对完成重要著作的史家而言,作品即思想的表现,常蕴含了他的史学史意识在其中,研究者经由史学史意识的分析,往往更能了解其史学的诉求。虽然在班固的时代,"史学"与"史学史"的名词都还没出现,就语境而言,讨论他的史学史论述与史学史意识未免唐突古人,但是使用现代学术语言作为分析工具,实乃不得不然。班固《汉书》的出现,不论从体例、内容还是思想方面观察,皆有其自我的认识,这个认识与他的史学史意识或学术史意识有密切关系。本文爬梳《汉书》中有关史学史的论述,探讨班固如何看待史官传统、史籍流传、《春秋》性质、以及自己著作的学术定位等问题,并于结论中指出班固史学史论述与史学史意识的特点与意义。