Life on horseback: palaeopathology of two Scythian skeletons from Alexandropol,Ukraine

In 2006, two skeletons were analysed that were previously excavated from the periphery of a Scythian burial mound, near the village of Alexandropol in southern Ukraine. Dated to ca. 325 BC, both remains are male. The first is that of a youth in his late teens who exhibits indications of biological stress and degenerative changes to the spine in the form of a Schmorl's node. The second is a middle‐aged individual with extensive healed lesions due to trauma to the right humerus and clavicle with associated bony changes of the elbow and spine. Stable isotope analyses indicate a diet based on C3 plants. Their skeletons suggest a rigorous life on horseback. Both may have served as sacrificial victims. Historical records document the strangulation of attendants and their placement around the periphery of royal burial mounds. Grave goods suggest that both were warriors, although the youth lacks the traumatic injuries exhibited by the older male. The individuals from Alexandropol may have served a Scythian king in life and in death. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

再论洪秀全的人格心理

近年对洪秀全的研究出现了一个小高潮,但其中还存在一些问题;洪秀全早年的人格带有神经质特征,"异梦"是其尊重需要受挫的反应,而信教则导致其人格退化,并使太平天国的比济政策产生难以克服的内在矛盾.     

A historical review of investigations on laterality of emotions in the human brain

Different models of emotional lateralization, advanced since the first clinical observations raised this issue, will be reviewed following their historical progression. The clinical investigations that have suggested a general dominance of the right hemisphere for all kinds of emotions and the experimental studies that have proposed a different hemispheric specialization for positive vs. negative emotions (valence hypothesis) or for approach vs. withdrawal tendencies (motivational hypothesis) will be reviewed first and extensively. This historical review will be followed by a short discussion of recent anatomo-clinical and activation studies that have investigated (a) emotional and behavioral disorders of patients with asymmetrical forms of fronto-temporal degeneration and (b) laterality effects in specific brain structures (amygdala, ventro-medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula) playing a critical role in different components of emotions. Overall, these studies support the hypothesis of a right hemisphere dominance for all components of the emotional system.     

Decadence as historical myth and cultural theory

This article traces the early history of the concept of European decadence with special emphasis on its manifestations in French literary production in the period between 1860 and 1900. It argues that decadence was not a historical reality, but a cultural myth, that gave expression to a new, specifically urban experience of modernity first thematized in Baudelaire's poetry and prose work. It further claims that this concept continues to have important contemporary relevance in the form of debates about the “second modernity” and the new “cosmopolitanism.”     

便携式近红外光纤光谱在纺织品文物纤维无损检测中的应用

利用便携式近红外光纤光谱仪,选取了棉、麻、丝、毛、聚酯及16种天然染料作为研究对象,分析了5种染色纤维的近红外光谱的特征吸收峰位。丝的amide A/Ⅱ与amide B/Ⅱ吸收带分别在2 058 nm(4 859 cm~(-1))和2 200 nm(4 545 cm~(-1)),毛的amide A/Ⅱ与amide B/Ⅱ吸收带分别在2 052 nm(4 873 cm~(-1))和2 177 nm(4 593 cm~(-1)),这两个吸收带可作为毛与丝的判据。聚酯的特征吸收在1 660 nm(6 024 cm~(-1))处,来自于聚酯纤维链段中的苯环,可作为聚酯纤维判定的依据。棉和麻的近红外光谱十分接近,无法直接识别,通过Thermo scientific TQ Analyst 8分析软件的判别分析方法(discriminant analysis)建立鉴别模型(标准样品集图谱个数分别为棉70、麻100、丝60、毛67、聚酯70,验证集图谱个数分别为棉20、麻20、丝20、毛20、聚酯20,选取波段为1 600～1 800 nm和2 000～2 100 nm),计算未知材料到每个类别中心的马氏距离,可判断未知样品与棉和麻标准样品的相似性。结果表明:模型性能指数(Performance Index)为95.649,说明模型预测准确,可快速鉴别棉和麻。此外,染料,媒染剂对纤维的特征吸收峰峰位影响较小,在实际应用中不影响判定结果。将该方法应用于四件古代或近代纺织品文物的纤维鉴定,得到了较好的光谱比对结果,并证明了该方法在纺织品文物纤维无损鉴定中的可行性和实用性。     

中国城市化与地质灾害之分析

文章分析了我国城市发展面临的地质灾害、危害性及对城市发展的影响,提出了整治城市地质灾害的的基本对策与管理措施。     

Epicureanism at the Origins of Modernity

ABSTRACT

Across a broad range of late nineteenth-century French medical texts that described the newly denoted sexual pathologies of frigidity, inversion, fetishism, nymphomania, sadism and masochism, one finds a term being used for which no current equivalent exists. This term is l’amour morbide – morbid love. Its use was initially as common in respectable medical texts as it later became in erotic fictional writings. In some cases, it appeared to refer to a particular sexual pathology, albeit one which troubled the very notion of perversion as aberrant or abnormal. This article considers the role that l’amour morbide played in the sorting of medical terminology for describing sexual perversions in late nineteenth-century France, and examines what its relationship was to degenerationist thought. Engaging with Ian Hacking’s notion of “transient mental illnesses” produced by unique cultural ecologies, it is proposed that morbid love occupied the space between decadent culture of fin-de-siècle France on the one hand, and on the other hand degenerationist frames adopted by French doctors in the context of international medical and psychiatric conversations.     

John Campbell’s Present State of Europe (1750): Toryism and balance of power

John Campbell’s Present State of Europe has been viewed, particularly by Guido Abbattista, as a change in Campbell’s view on British intervention on the continent. Campbell certainly alters his position from a conventional ‘Country’ and ‘Tory’ critique of British interventionism to acceptance, but this shift aligns him more closely with the Bolingbrokean political philosophy that undergirds much of his early thought as he accommodates this political philosophy to the dominant theory of foreign policy of his day, ‘balance of power’. Campbell articulates a moderate, Tory view of balance of power by drawing upon Samuel Pufendorf’s idea of states-system, which allows Campbell to extend his ‘Country’-Bolingbrokean philosophy from inside to outside the state. By extending his views outside the state, Campbell indicates how continental intervention not only may be required based upon a nation’s fluctuating, indeterminate circumstances but also may be needed to protect far-flung subjects within an expanding British Empire.     

Beavers (Castor fiber) in the Past: Holocene Archaeological Evidence for Beavers in Romania

Archaeological beaver (Castor fiber) remains from Romanian sites dating from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages are described in terms of their frequencies (based on the number of identified specimens), morphology and size. A summary of previous archaeozoological studies in the geographical and historical regionalization of the Romanian territory (i.e. Banat, Dobrudja, Moldavia, Muntenia, Oltenia and Transylvania) shows that temporal and regional variation characterizes the assemblages. The data also reveal that beaver hunting contributed little to local economies, although some spatial and temporal variations are apparent and are here compared with the evidence from the historical record. In addition, univariate, bivariate and geometric morphometric analyses are employed to examine different anatomical elements. Studies of the lower third molar (M₃) reveal that there is a statistically significant intraspecific variability between the Neolithic and Iron Age populations, situated also in different regions, Muntenia and Moldavia, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.