初探课堂教学气氛的调控

课堂气氛是师生心理状态的缘合反映。良好的课堂教学气氛是教师在教学过程中通过多种方法,使课堂气氛得到合理调节而形成的。课堂教学中,教室内的气氛如何都会直接影响到教学任务的完成。因此教师了解并学会如何去调节课堂气氛至关重要。本文将从课堂气氛的类型;影响课堂气氛的因素和调节课堂气氛的方法三个方面谈论课堂教学气氛。     

World Geography: Organizational and Teaching Strategies

Teaching students to develop an appreciation and understanding of World Geography is a difficult task. This article presents a number of approaches to design effective teaching methods and strategies to stimulate student learning and to develop spatial interconnections. A suggested framework for organization and study of geographic regions of the world is suggested in the article. Atlas exercises, written assignments, course objectives, and seminar projects are designed to improve the understanding of geographic relationships and spatial concepts in World Geography.     

SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A R/C WALL: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION

This paper describes the numerical simulation of the seismic behaviour of a mock-up of a six-floor building, constituted by two parallel R/C walls and experimentally tested on a shaking table. Within the scope of an international benchmark the mock-up was submitted to three earthquakes with intensities up to 0.71 g, which induced nonlinear behaviour in the concrete and reinforcement. For the numerical simulations concrete is discretised with 2D finite elements, and its behaviour reproduced via a constitutive model with two scalar damage variables. Steel rebars are discretised with 2-noded truss elements, and their constitutive behaviour under cyclic conditions reproduced by the Menegottb-Pinto model. Specific attention is devoted to Rayleigh damping, focusing on two different strategies: (i) disregarding the damping contribution, or (ii) adopting a damping matrix that takes into account the stiffness changes during the nonlinear analyses. Main results and strategies for simulating the benchmark axe presented, with emphasis on the comparison between the numerical and the experimental results, which show good agreement when the damping contribution is neglected.     

Learning to sail the Duyfken replica

The rig of the Duyfken 'replica', a reconstruction Dutch jacht of c . 1600 is described. Sail-handling techniques and sailing performance including steering with a whipstaff are also described. Experiments to improve sailing efficiency, some prompted by analysis of contemporary iconography, are discussed.     

远程开放教育模式中的法学教学方法创新

远程开放教育模式是现代社会实现成人教育、终身教育的理想教育模式。为此,要不断探索新的教学方式,用现代教育手段实施具体的教学方法,为学习者提供良好的学习支持和服务。     

非线性编辑系统在多媒体教学片中的应用

文章论述了非线性编辑系统运用于电视教学片制作中的优点和特点,在进行教学片的后期制作中所需注意的要点和电视教学片的摄、制一般步骤;描述了非线性编辑系统作为计算机技术与电视摄像技术相结合的成果,逐步成为以教育技术为主的多媒体影视制作的重要工具和技术手段;提出了非线性编辑技术在课堂教学、实践教学、自学教育、远程教育等技术领域中广阔的的应用前景。     

Experimental characterization of the constitutive materials composing an old masonry vaulted tunnel of the Paris subway system

A significant proportion of the Paris metro tunnels comprise a masonry vault built out of stone blocks and mortar joints, and sidewalls and slabs made of unreinforced concrete. In order to provide the necessary data for future structural evaluation, an extensive laboratory testing programme has been conducted to characterize the materials of the tunnel separately, i.e., mortar, stone, and concrete. The tests, carried out on specimens taken from cores extracted from a 1930s tunnel, enabled to determine the mechanical properties, including direct tensile, shear strength, and mode I fracture energy, as well as the properties of the stone-mortar interface. Results show that the masonry mortar joints could reach 10 cm in width, and that blocks of stone varied in composition and porosity, thus producing a wide range of mechanical properties. The concrete was composed of large-sized aggregates and showed low stiffness and strength. Based on these experimental results, ratios between mechanical characteristics are hereby proposed. Perspectives on the use of this experimental data in a finite element model are then discussed.     

Building Pâris’ Beden Seyad: a replica of the Omani 19th‐century sewn fishing vessel

The beden seyad is a simple yet elegant Omani sewn fishing craft documented by the French naval officer François‐Edmond Pâris during his visit in Oman in 1838–1839. A 10m‐long scaled‐down replica of the vessel was built by a team of experts in a traditional boatyard in Qantab, the Sultanate of Oman, and is displayed in the Maritime History Gallery at the National Museum of Oman. This article describes different aspects of the building process of the vessel, from the material used to the method of construction. It compares the different versions of the beden drawing provided by Pâris and discusses the decision‐making and problem‐solving procedures carried out by the construction team.