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411.
Alan Tapper 《Intellectual History Review》2020,30(1):65-85
ABSTRACTAlthough Joseph Priestley was notorious for rejecting much of orthodox Christianity and replacing it with a materialistic Unitarianism, in another respect he was an orthodox theist of his time in that he passionately upheld the Argument from Design. The Argument from Design was the heart of his “rational religion”. He contended that natural order, especially biological order, could only be successfully explained by intentional agency. At the time, however, the Argument was coming under attack, first from David Hume, then from Matthew Turner, and lastly from Erasmus Darwin. Priestley replied to each of these critics. This article surveys his replies. The three critics of the Argument contended that intelligent agency could offer only a weak explanation of natural order, that natural order is self-explanatory, or that natural mechanisms can explain biological order. Priestley in turn critiqued all three contentions, arguing that the Argument is a strong explanation; that natural order cannot be self-explanatory; and that the proposed natural explanations conflict with the empirical evidence. 相似文献
412.
在城市群的形成发育过程中,伴随着城市群内部文化、旅游、科技产业资源优化再配置和协同集聚效应的共同作用,城市群“文化—旅游—科技”产业融合发展水平表现为随时间序列呈指数式增长的攀升态势。本文通过对城市群“文—旅—科”产业融合发展水平攀升规律的基本原理进行分析,建立相关数理模型得到几何表达式;继而构建城市群“文—旅—科”产业融合发展的评价指标体系,运用引入时间调整系数改进的耦合协调度模型,计算得到中国城市群及所辖城市的产业融合发展水平并进行时空演化分析;最后使用模拟验证的方法对中国城市群“文—旅—科”产业融合发展水平攀升规律进行拟合验证,探究中国城市群的产业融合发展路径。 相似文献
413.
Daniel Boyd 《Interdisciplinary science reviews : ISR》2020,45(1):71-94
ABSTRACTThe existence of biological information systems is generally taken as given in discussions of their function. However, any theory of such systems must be considered incomplete unless it can also explain how the system comes to exist. This article describes the ways in which complex functional systems in general can be created through design, self-assembly and evolution. The differences and relationship between physical and informational entities, organization, processes and dimensionality are also discussed. Through comparison with information technologies, whose origins we understand, conclusions are drawn concerning the creation of functional biological neural networks: specifically, that this involves the self-assembly of information entities into a number of strongly emergent levels of organization. Finally, potential approaches are considered to overcome the hurdles to scientific investigation of emergent information-based systems and the processes by which they are created. 相似文献
414.
旅游乡村治理演变机理及模式研究——陕西袁家村1949-2019年纵向案例研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乡村治理是乡村研究的显题,研究发展新兴产业的乡村治理对振兴乡村意义重大,但较为匮乏。本研究基于对陕西省袁家村1949—2019年的治理历程的梳理,探讨旅游乡村治理的演变机理以及成功模式。研究发现:①中国乡村治理经历“宗族自治”、“寡头他治”两个阶段,良性的治理模式需要内生动力和外生要素的共同作用。②旅游乡村治理的主体更加多元、目标更聚焦于集体发展、机制更追求正义、系统更不稳定。③有效的旅游乡村治理需要构建“集体共治”模式和动态开放的治理系统,注重社区精神的约束力,促进旅游乡村发展健康可持续。 相似文献
415.
城市作为人口、产业等要素聚集地,基于多要素解构城市网络对明确城市高质量发展的内涵具有重要作用。本文通过修正经典引力模型和社会网络方法,分析了高质量视角下黄河流域城市网络结构演变特征,利用QAP方法探求其影响因素。结果表明:(1)黄河流域城市网络基本形成了以郑州、西安、济南、太原、兰州等省会城市为核心,辐射至周边城市的网络结构,网络密度逐渐增大但整体较低,网络通达度相对较高且稳定。(2)城市网络社群内部关联高于社群间关联,说明高质量发展视角下黄河流域城市网络社群溢出效应主要以社群内溢出为主,社群外溢作用较少。(3)区位条件、交通基础设施、产业结构、政府支持强度、科技创新的差异对黄河流域高质量发展的城市网络演变有显著影响。 相似文献
416.
J.G. Gehling 《Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Paleontology》2013,37(4):337-345
Arkarua adami gen. et sp. nov., a small disc-like animal with a pentameral arrangement of grooves on its oral surface, is preserved as an external mould on the base of sandstone beds within the Ediacaran (Late Precambrian) Ediacara Member of the Pound Subgroup, in the Flinders Ranges. While the limitations of preservation do not allow identification of some important organs, the pentameral symmetry and resemblance to Early Cambrian edrioasteroids enable the recognition of Arkarua as the earliest known echinoderm. 相似文献
417.
江南水乡古镇是江南地域社会经济活动的高度聚合体,而空间作为功能的载体,是古镇保护与发展中的关键一环。本文以周庄古镇为例,从行动者网络理论视角切入,解析不同旅游发展阶段古镇空间演化的行动者作用路径。研究发现,关键行动者意图、行动者网络结构的变化,推动了周庄古镇空间重构和演化。在观光旅游发展阶段,周庄镇政府为关键行动者,通过行政征召、专家带头征召等方式促成行动者网络的形成和发展,使古镇商业空间沿河街生长,文化体验空间呈团块状散布;在休闲度假转型阶段,市场力量开始发挥更大作用,行动者网络重新调整,进一步推动古镇商业空间网状渗透,文化体验空间条块衍生。本文认为古镇空间的实践建构应高度重视原住民这一行动者的作用。 相似文献
418.
Roger Hayter 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2004,86(2):95-115
This paper endorses recent pleas for an ‘institutional turn’ within economic geography. In particular, it reveals and connects the coherence and distinctiveness of dissenting institutional economics as a way of thinking for economic geography. Economic geographers have recognized this tradition but its continuity and compass is not fully appreciated. To provide such an appreciation, this paper argues that the paradigmatic distinctiveness of dissenting institutionalism rests especially on its recognition that real world economies are embedded, have histories or evolve, and are different. The discussion is based around these three cornerstone principles of embeddedness, evolution and difference. For the future, greater attention to the region as an institution, albeit a complex one, along with greater attention to the synthesis of multi‐dimensional processes that are normally analyzes as separate conceptual categories, is encouraged. 相似文献
419.
James J. Harris 《Intellectual History Review》2020,30(2):273-294
ABSTRACTThis article re-examines the anthropological scholarship of Sir Arthur Keith (1866–1955), who served as the president of the Royal Anthropological Institute (1914–1917), the Royal Anatomical Society (1918), and the British Association of the Advancement of Science (1927), who wrote prolifically on anatomy, evolution, and the idea of race. While most commonly associated with the Piltdown man hoax, Keith's contributions to the discipline were far greater and more complex. This essay specifically considers how Keith sought to problematize the concept of the nation, considering the nation-state as an evolutionary unit. The first half of this essay examines Keith's theories on the mechanism of evolution (hormonal instincts) and how this informed his ideas of races and nations as evolutionary units. The second half of the essay considers how Keith deployed his ideas about evolutionary instincts, with the goal of advising Britons about how an evolutionary perspective would help understand, if not resolve, modern political challenges, both international and domestic, that faced the British Empire around the time of the First World War. 相似文献
420.
传统村落神圣空间形态、当代价值及其研究范式再认识 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
神圣空间是中国传统村落重要的空间形态,但理论界对神圣空间时有“存续论”和“废弃论”的学术争议,对其内涵、类型、流动性发展趋势以及新的研究范式也缺乏深入解读,这对人们深入认知传统村落神圣空间带来了困惑和迷茫。通过文献梳理,认为:神圣空间的内涵是“空间+意义”的综合。在传统村落中空间形态有两类,一是具有明显可观察性的宗教信仰性神圣空间,二是一切不可让渡或不可化约的人文意义的神圣空间。在内容研究方面,学术界对第一类型的神圣空间研究着墨较多,但研究特点表现在对神圣空间“本身”进行阐释。对第二类型神圣空间建构性的解读属于新兴研究类型,研究主要将传统村落神圣空间看作是社会建构的过程和动态性实践的产物。在流动性视角下,学术界更注重对传统村落神圣空间与流动性互动产生的社会经济、文化和环境之间建构和生产的研究,认为“神圣空间作为文本”更符合新的社会事实及其推动下的研究议题。不同认知范式具有差异性,相互补充是人们整体认知传统村落神圣空间的基础,也对乡村振兴实践中传统村落文化的整理、挖掘以及塑造社会经济发展具有重要指引。 相似文献