A Narrative Policy Framework: Clear Enough to Be Wrong?

Narratives are increasingly subject to empirical study in a wide variety of disciplines. However, in public policy, narratives are thought of almost exclusively as a poststructural concept outside the realm of empirical study. In this paper, after reviewing the major literature on narratives, we argue that policy narratives can be studied using systematic empirical approaches and introduce a “Narrative Policy Framework” (NPF) for elaboration and empirical testing. The NPF defines narrative structure and narrative content. We then discuss narrative at the micro level of analysis and examine how narratives impact individual attitudes and hence aggregate public opinion. Similarly, we examine strategies for the studying of group and elite behavior using the NPF. We conclude with seven hypotheses for researchers interested in elaborating the framework.     

文化生态史观视野下的文明化进程——中原地区与太湖地区的比较研究

"文化生态史观"是一种系统观点,它强调研究文化进程的发展,必须综合分析文化、环境诸因素在历史过程中的作用.中原与太湖地区文明化进程的结果不同,源于中原地区文化生态系统中某些因素的优越性,战争机制促成的社会组织、开放性的文化特质、务实的社会意识、多样的生态环境与公元前三千纪末期的应时发展,这些都促使中原地区逐渐确立了文化上的强势地位.相比之下,太湖地区宗教特色的社会组织,面对危机缺乏变通;保守的文化特质,使文化缺乏革新和灵活性;务虚的社会心理,浪费了大量的社会资源;单一的生态环境,使社会面对自然灾害缺乏灵活的应对.最终,新石器时代末期,文化的一蹶不振,环太湖地区彻底丧失了发展时机.     

Shopping or Specialization? Venue Targeting among Nonprofits Engaged in Advocacy

Studies of venue shopping have typically analyzed the case of an individual advocacy group or issue campaign rather than comparing venue strategies across multiple groups. Moreover, this literature focuses on interest groups and advocacy coalitions whose principal mandate is to influence public policy. Using original data, we test theories of venue selection among nonprofit organizations that report engaging in policy processes but the majority of which do not self‐identify as an advocacy group. Our analyses explore the “where” of nonprofit advocacy across three different venue types: branch (executive, legislative), domain (bureaucracy, elected officials), and level of government (local, state, federal). Like interest groups, we find that nonprofits shop among both executive and legislative branches and among elected and bureaucratic domains; however, they tend to specialize in one level of government. Geographic scope and revenue source predicted venue targeting, but most other organizational characteristics including age, capacity, and structure did not.     

Archaeometallurgical study of the brass cases from the Akko 1 shipwreck

The Akko 1 shipwreck is the remains of an eastern Mediterranean brig built in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, discovered in Akko harbour, Israel. During the underwater excavations (2006–2008), 158 brass cases were found, mainly between midships and the aft extremity of the shipwreck. It is suggested that they were used for artillery quills. The aim of this investigation is to determine the composition, microstructure and properties of these brass cases in order to understand their manufacturing process and to propose their possible dating and manufacturing location, and to verify their use. An archaeometallurgical analysis of selected brass cases was performed, including optical microscopy, microhardness tests and SEM including EDS. The results show that the collection was made of brass containing about 30 wt% zinc. The uniform thickness and the microstructure of the cases indicate that all artifacts were basically produced of rolled sheets and the cases were hand-made using simple tools. The metallurgical investigation suggests that they were manufactured during the first half of the nineteenth century. Combined with the archaeological evidence and the historical background, this supports the assumption that Akko 1 was a naval auxiliary vessel which was in Akko harbour circa 1840.     

宋元时期景德镇窑装烧工艺的研究——景德镇装烧工艺研究之一

宋元时期是景德镇制瓷工业历史上非常重要的一个阶段,正是在这一时期,景德镇开始逐渐形成了具有自身特色的区域生产传统和产品面貌,并在窑业技术上多有创新,表现在窑炉的改进、窑具的创新和装烧方法的变革三个方面。本文从考古发现的景德镇窑宋元时期的窑炉与窑具入手,通过系统梳理其发展演变的脉络,以点带面,管窥景德镇制瓷工艺在10~14世纪的探索与进步,并尝试分析其他窑业生产传统对景德镇的影响。     

再论"失蜡工艺不是中国青铜时代的选择"

本文从技术史的理论角度论述了"没有需求就没有发明(No need,no invention)"、"没有需求就没有发展"等技术产生发展的客观规律,指出,中国古代(青铜时代)在发达而成体系的青铜范铸技术环境里是不可能孕育发展出"熔模铸造体系"的,并以曾侯乙尊盘的铸造工艺及相关的模拟实验结果作进一步的论证;同时,对中国古代"失蜡工艺"起源于商周青铜器"焚失法"的观点提出质疑,并指出,"失蜡工艺"是在佛教传入中国之后,为铸造"西洋风格"的佛像传入我国.     

Arts practitioners in the cultural policy process: spear-carriers or speaking parts?

This paper considers the argument that arts practitioners are rarely acknowledged by cultural policy researchers as being more than marginally involved in policy-making. Drawing on public policy analysis which pays attention to a breadth of policy actors, and on the concept of civil society, the paper examines whether these approaches can help to better investigate and understand the role of arts practitioners in the policy process. It discusses this subject in relation to cultural policy in general and in the specific arena of British arts policy, focusing on original case-study research of playwrights’ organisations and playwriting policy. The case-study evidence demonstrates that arts practitioners – through involvement in policy debate and implementation, and their own initiatives and activities – are frequently engaged in the policy process and thus more broadly in the democratic public domain. Understanding of cultural policy development is therefore considerably weakened if the role of practitioners is ignored.     

土遗址保护中的加固过程研究

在使用化学材料对土遗址进行渗透加固保护的过程中,有很多因素影响着最终的加固效果。本文从最基础的加固过程着手,在综合借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,从土样规格、加固方法、固化环境、加固深度和加固效率等方面阐述了加固过程中应规范的问题。     

Polities, territory and historical change in Postclassic Matlatzinco (Toluca Valley, central Mexico)

Historical interpretation of political dynamics in pre-conquest central Mexico from indigenous records is fraught with difficulties. Beyond the basic challenges involved in interpreting fragmentary evidence is the fact that the majority of evidence comes from the dominant imperial polity (Tenochtitlan) and paints a biased and overly generalized view of political and social dynamics in provincial areas. We present a reconstruction of the political geography of the Toluca Valley of central Mexico in Aztec times that avoids these biases by focusing not on the events described in native histories, but on the individual towns and their spatial locations. We find that a theoretical perspective that defines political entities by networks and relations among people more adequately captures the historical situation than traditional models that define polities based on territory and boundaries.     

1982年宪法的制定过程及其历史经验

1982年宪法既总结了我国30多年来社会主义革命和建设的经验,又符合我国当时的实际情况,同时也照顾到了我国将来的发展,从而保证了宪法具有长期性和稳定性。1982年宪法颁布后,虽然随着实践的发展,进行过四次局部修改(第一次是1988年七届全国人大一次会议,第二次是1993年八届全国人大一次会议,第三次是1999年九届全国人大二次会议,第四次是2004年十届全国人大二次会议),但20多年的实践证明,1982年宪法是一部具有中国特色的、能够适应新的历史时期社会主义现代化建设需要的宪法。