RESPONSE OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS

Abstract

A summary of dynamic measurements are presented that illustrate relations between linear seismic demand and true nonlinear response of unreinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms and rocking piers subjected to a series of simulated earthquake motions.     

旅游交易网站消费者评价维度研究——以携程网为例

随着信息通信技术尤其是互联网的迅速发展,网站及网络消费者行为研究成为学界探讨的热点.本文以携程网为例,通过从携程网上搜集旅游消费者评价信息,运用扎根理论的方法构建了旅游交易网站消费者评价维度模型.研究结果表明：旅游交易网站评价的主体维度包括旅游网站评价及网站交易产品评价;影响评价的主客观因素及特殊事件处理构成了旅游交易网站评价的调节维度;旅游消费者购后行为意图（重购与致谢、分享与推荐以及建议与期望）是网站评价的互动维度,实质反映的正是旅游网站本体与旅游网站消费者客体之间的互动.最后,本文对如何利用这些评价信息做了进一步的扩展讨论.     

基于WebQual体系的旅行社在线服务质量评估研究

本文从旅行社网站服务质量的视角,引入B2C电子商务网站服务质量的Web Qual评价体系,针对旅行社的业务特点对其加以细化和改进后,结合熵权法,构建了旅行社网站服务质量综合评价模型T-Web Qual。然后利用该模型评估了部分2012年全国百强旅行社的在线服务质量。实证研究发现：我国旅行社电子商务网站的软硬件设施建设已经具有一定基础,但是商务理念和服务意识仍显不足;在线服务的技术性和专业性有待提高;在线旅游产品的消费者满意度不高。针对当前旅行社网站存在的问题,本文提出了相应的发展建议。     

博物馆实践与博物馆理论的关系——以博物馆展览为视角

博物馆学是一门后设学科,世界各地的博物馆都是用藏品来呈现人类与其环境所发生事物的真实场所,所以它是在产生功能之后才建立起模式与理论。中国博物馆机构的建立虽然是输入的“舶来品”,但是也有着相同的对收藏对象的运作、管理与使用之目的,所以在呈现给公众观赏的展览上,如何达成文化遗产讯息的传承,用观众对展览主题的认知、态度与需求...     

乡村振兴视角下传统村落活态性特征及作用机制研究

基于传统村落活态性内涵,从村落人口、物质遗产以及非物质遗产3个方面构建传统村落活态性评价指标体系。通过访谈问卷、实地踏勘、文献查阅等方法获取数据,根据发展路径的差异划分传统村落类型,对分属旅游发展型、传统技艺型、综合开发型和生活服务型的湖南省永州市4个传统村落活态性进行测度。结果表明：①失活现象在各类型传统村落中较为普遍;②不同类型传统村落人口活态情况差异明显,其中旅游发展型村落人口活态性最好,生活服务型村落人口活态性最差;③不同类型传统村落物质遗产失活程度相对较轻;④不同类型传统村落非物质遗产失活程度整体较高。     

Complications and Effectiveness of In Situ Preservation Methods for Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites

Abstract

Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) as an outstanding division of the cultural heritage of humanity appears to be crucial and complicated when more general issues regarding preservation and conservation are raised. The essence of in situ preservation should be equally discussable for any kind of archaeological remains; on land or underwater.

There is a long history of different methods and concepts of intervention in a variety of sub-aquatic archaeological sites; from shipwrecks to submerged settlements. This paper will present an introduction to different techniques and theories of preservation and conservation of underwater cultural and archaeological sites since this kind of heritage has scientifically been explored and studied. A range of different preservation methodologies, from total or partial transference inland, to preservation underwater, will be compared; the advantages and disadvantages of each option will be highlighted. Different examples of international best practices will be illustrated. Different types of in situ conservation/protection will be explained and categorized. Furthermore, there will be a focus on the UNESCO Convention of 2001 on Conservation and Preservation of UCH, where the in situ conservation option has been recommended.

Moreover, the technical issue for preservation of UCH sites, either in situ or after displacement, will be explained. The implication of relocation for different sorts of sites and materials will be argued; for example, cases where some sites, such as shipwrecks, would more easily be displaced compared with submerged settlements, villages, or ports.

Finally, by stressing that the state of ‘being underwater’ makes many sites qualified to be regarded as UCH, the in situ preservation approach will prevail that this state is maintained.     

Evaluating social sustainability in historic urban environments

Government policies aimed at the alleviation of poverty and social exclusion have been moving toward a multi-faceted approach that includes community capacity building and collaborative partnerships. This implies greater community consultation and the involvement of public and private institutions and the voluntary sector in the democratic management of local affairs. While these are established theoretical concepts, implementing localised social policy and measuring the outcomes are notoriously difficult, particularly in historic urban areas where democratic decision making has the potential to conflict with the management of heritage value. Drawing on recent policy and academic literature, this paper explores the concept of social sustainability and the characteristics of its evaluation. The paper illustrates how social sustainability indicators favour multi-dimensional themes that support national political agendas. The tension between this and the rise of participatory governance is highlighted. The paper concludes with a suggested approach to the evaluation of social sustainability in historic urban environments.     

历史文化街区声景语义的主观评价研究——基于人文地理学的视角

声景即声音景观,是人文地理景观的核心要素之一,它既塑造了特定区域的文化地理特征,也是地方感知的重要依托,声景主观感知评价对声景的创设和改善具有重要意义。本文以六个历史文化街区的实地声景为例,选取九组语义对,利用语义细分法进行声景主观评价实验,初步分析了客观声学参数与主观语义评价的定量关系。在对普通学生与本土人群对比分析的基础上,指出应关注对本土受众意义重大,反映本土地理、人文的声音及其发生场所和行为习惯,以期为历史区域的建设提供新的思路,也是从声景角度进行人文地理的探索。     

L'agrandissement de la communauté Uashat mak Mani-utenam : regard sur une collaboration dans la durée entre une université et une communauté innue

This article presents a case study aimed at identifying the success factors and the effects of a collaboration between architecture students and an Indigenous community. This exercise, which is part of a multi-year collaborative relationship, was carried out within the framework of an urban design workshop led by the School of Architecture of Laval University and the Innu community of Uashat mak Mani-utenam, which is close to the city of Sept-Îles, Quebec. The expansion of the community and the development of residential areas were at the heart of this collaborative effort. The analysis of the evolution of the different versions of the development plans, in the light of Innu development criteria, highlights the positive contributions of the workshop, particularly with regard to the community program and the tectonic symbolism. Nevertheless, the maintenance of the status quo is noted with respect to the location and respect for natural elements. Testimonials from key players involved in the project illustrate the authentic nature of the partnership between the research group “Habitats and Cultures” and the community. The quality of the relationship between the researchers and the Innu partners, the duration of the partnership over time, and the promotion of Innu cultural knowledge have favoured the success of the partnership.