20世纪国内老子研究述评

由于同一定时代背景相联系,20世纪的国内老子研究呈现出明显的阶段性:前期研究有两大特点,一是以西学解老,二是注重校诂与考证;中期研究的突出特点是大陆学者自觉地以马列主义为指导,注重分析老学的阶级属性及哲学性质,1973年马王堆帛书<老子>的出土为这一时期的老子研究提供了新的课题;后期的老子研究是在大陆与港澳台四地研究趋于一体化、国内外老学界交流合作频繁的背景下进行的,80年代初注重反思,80年代中期以后的研究在视域上不断拓展,在层次上不断深入,1993年郭店楚简<老子>的出土使得学术界在诸如<老子>版本及作者、老子的道德价值取向以及先秦儒道关系等问题上的研究取得了一批新成果,并基本达成共识.     

制度约束与德性激励——建构公共行政伦理的两重维度

公共行政伦理的建构是基于人性假设的,解读公共行政领域的伦理困境必须分析公共行政人员人性中“经济人”与“公共人”的双重特性。由此,可以引伸出建构公共行政伦理的两重维度:制度约束与德性激励。制度约束是基于“经济人”假设的伦理规制,是防止人性的向下堕落,是抑“恶”;德性激励是对“公共人”假设的理性张扬,是实现人性的向上提升,是扬“善”。     

《吴子》研究

《吴子》一书的真伪向无定论,本借助近年来出土献的研究成果,从《吴子》所反映的战争观、语言特征及其与《孙膑兵法》的关系三方面入手讨论,认为《吴子》是成书于战国末年的一部古书。     

走出认识误区搞好新农村建设

目前,在推进社会主义新农村建设中,一些人产生了某些错误认识,如“新农村建设是老话重提”、“新农村建设是政府之事”等。必须对这些观点进行分析,阐明其错误之处,走出认识上的误区,进而在思想上真正明确社会主义新农村建设的创新性、主体性、长期性和全面性,明确新农村建设与城镇建设的同步性,从而促进社会主义新农村建设的健康快速发展。     

Hans-Jörg Rheinberger as a Philosopher of Time**

When Hans-Jörg Rheinberger proposed the concept of epistemic things, he drew inspiration from the art historian George Kubler, who had considered the aesthetic object as resulting from problem-solving processes in The Shape of Time (1962). Kubler also demonstrated that a sequence of objects could retrace the progress that led to a solution that was afterwards accepted as the most classical. Parallel to Kubler, Rheinberger demonstrates how temporally extended activities of experimentation are condensed in the object, revealing the moments of innovation that lead to it. In the history of science as well as in art history, various trajectories can thus be grasped in the materially given. Rheinberger conceives of an object as a network of heterogeneous time strings. However, these are manifold: they cannot be thought of as making up a homogeneous temporality encompassing all the others as a temporal container and synchronizing them within it. Since the discovery of the Anthropocene, we no longer separate natural from cultural time, and no hegemonic historical narrative can be taken as unifying all the others. Historical epistemology as proposed by Rheinberger will be read as a contribution to constructing new models of natural as well as of cultural time.     

Experimental Systems in the Co-Construction of Scientific Knowledge**

The publication of Toward a History of Epistemic Things 25 years ago was a landmark in science studies. Not only was the book a brilliant overview of new research trends, but it was also a personal and highly original contribution because of its emphasis on the major role of experimental systems in the construction of scientific knowledge. The paths that it opened have not yet been fully explored. More seriously, the ambition of the author to reinforce the value of scientific knowledge by the role of experimental systems in its construction has not been pursued.