基于ELES模型的城乡居民国内旅游消费结构实证分析

本文依据ELES理论,利用2002—2008年的数据,从边际消费倾向、消费投向、收入弹性及价格弹性四个方面对我国城乡居民国内旅游消费中的食、住、行、游、购、娱等9类消费的结构进行了实证分析,主要结论如下。（1）城镇居民的国内旅游边际消费倾向为0．0636,农村居民为0．1174;在9类单项旅游消费中,购物和其它服务的边际消费倾向最高,消费投向主要为购物、其它服务和长途交通。（2）农村居民各单项旅游消费需求的收入弹性均大于l,城镇居民基本旅游消费需求的收入弹性小于l,非基本旅游消费需求和餐饮消费需求的收入弹性大于1。（3）城乡居民各项旅游消费需求的自价格弹性较大,互价格弹性较小;城镇居民非基本旅游消费需求和餐饮消费需求的自价格弹性大于1,农村居民各项旅游消费需求的自价格弹性均大于1。     

PLACE ELASTICITY: EXPLORING A NEW CONCEPTUALIZATION OF MOBILITY AND PLACE ATTACHMENT IN RURAL AMERICA

Migration and place attachment are often coupled within the migration decision‐making literature with the underlying assumption that individuals with strong place attachments are less likely to migrate than individuals with weaker ties to place. As communication technologies have improved, however, new forms of place attachment and connections between individuals and places are evolving. We introduce the concept of place elasticity as a new conceptualization of place attachment made possible by innovations in communication and transportation technologies. Place elasticity allows individuals to live in distant locales while maintaining close interaction with a particular place. We explore this concept with questionnaires and interviews from a sample of individuals from rural Appalachian counties in eastern Kentucky. Rural residents of this region have been noted for their strong place attachments and connections to their home county. Based on our questionnaires and interviews from family reunions we propose that place elasticity has three distinct characteristics: portability, strong place bonds, and permanence and that these traits allow individuals to remain connected to home counties and family, thereby allowing migration and settlement in distant locations with minimal loss of connectedness.