Un classement multicritère des villes du québec pour favoriser la prise en compte de leurs différences

When it comes to making planning and development decisions, the concepts of small, medium-sized, or large cities are sometimes used to adapt public policies and instruments, or even to highlight challenges that are specific to certain categories of city. In this article, we take a look at the various dimensions that can be used to characterize cities, so as to empirically test a multi-criteria approach and build a typology of Quebec cities. Using an ascending hierarchical classification, we derive 11 classes of cities, whose conceptualization and graphic representation enable us to highlight their role and, in part, to localize their polarized area. This article complements and adds to works undertaken by other researchers over the last 20 years. Although it does not aim to propose specific changes to public policies and instruments, this article may serve to inform public decision makers in the development of such policies and instruments, and to enrich academic debates on the nature of small and medium-sized towns in particular.     

Human geography without scale

The concept of scale in human geography has been profoundly transformed over the past 20 years. And yet, despite the insights that both empirical and theoretical research on scale have generated, there is today no consensus on what is meant by the term or how it should be operationalized. In this paper we critique the dominant – hierarchical – conception of scale, arguing it presents a number of problems that cannot be overcome simply by adding on to or integrating with network theorizing. We thereby propose to eliminate scale as a concept in human geography. In its place we offer a different ontology, one that so flattens scale as to render the concept unnecessary. We conclude by addressing some of the political implications of a human geography without scale.     

生态旅游与世界遗产教育策略拟定之研究

世界遗产促进了旅游,旅游带来了发展.然而,不当的旅游行为也破坏和污染了遗产地独特的环境,对当地的资源构成了威胁,降低了遗产地的特色.因此实施可持续发展策略是世界遗产旅游的必需选择.世界遗产教育有助于促使人们保护世界遗产地生态系统的完整性、尊重当地社区的文化,并使当地居民积极分享社会和经济利益.本文将生态旅游作为世界遗产旅游的一种可持续发展方式,并将生态旅游计划制定的相关权益关系人,依照其影响力和重要性分群,根据每一个分群的特性,拟定生态旅游与世界遗产教育策略,让这些权益关系人了解世界遗产的相关知识和保护世界遗产的重要性,进而唤醒他们对于遗产保育的积极性,从而制定出最佳的生态旅游计划.     

品位与职位——传统官僚等级制研究的一个新视角

现代官等级制有“品位分类’’和“职位分类”两种类型,前以官员的个人品级为中心,后则以职位所系权力责任为中心。作由此引申出了“品位分等”、“职位分等”概念,并通过秦汉禄秩等级和唐代武散阶的区别,说明了“品位一职位’’概念在传统官阶制研究中的分析价值;进而把它们与官僚“自利取向”、“服务取向”概念结合起来,从而为中国古代官僚等级制研究提供了一个新视角。     

Evolutionary approaches in archaeology

Two evolutionary approaches in contemporary archaeology, selectionism and processualism, are compared in terms of their theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and empirical contributions. Selectionism is a tightly focused approach that aims to apply a strict Darwinian framework to the study of cultural evolution. The selectionists view cultural evolution as a shift in the relative frequencies of cultural traits; the evolutionary mechanism that brings this about entails undirected variation followed by selection in a manner analogous to biological evolution. Processualism is a more flexible approach that acknowledges the importance of variation and selection but employs these concepts in a broader framework that recognizes fundamental differences between cultural and biological evolution. Among them are the central roles played by directed variation and the hierarchical operation of selection in cultural evolution. As we enter the late 1990s, the selectionists appear comfortably ascendant while the processualists often seem in disarray—they appear less confident, more embattled, more internally diverse. This diversity and dynamism, however, may harbor great potential for further growth and development. It is suggested that processualism's ongoing ferment will spawn the evolutionary archaeology of the future.     

How much does urban location matter for growth?

This paper analyses the effect of location characteristics on urban growth using regression cubic splines. Our empirical analysis shows that in Spain, differences in accessibility to major urban centres and geographic isolation help explain differences in population growth rates across municipalities between 2001 and 2014. Moreover, even though physical proximity to large cities is usually assumed to be closely related to the attractiveness of a municipality, we found that urban population growth is even more related to the joint effect of distance to major centres and agglomeration. In this respect, there seems to be a threshold from which agglomeration diseconomies come into play such that a greater proximity to major cities and/or being localized within a more densely populated area goes against local growth.     

海滨湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式研究——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例

本文以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例,在分析湿地生态旅游的内涵与盐城海滨湿地生态旅游开发条件的基础上,探讨了海滨湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式,提出了湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式的实施对策。作者强调,海滨湿地生态旅游开发必须以生态保护为前提,以湿地生态旅游资源与环境为基础,以湿地生态旅游产品为龙头,以生态旅游市场为依托,体现生态教育功能,关注社区利益,重视生态环境保育和生态补偿,通过适度开发促进湿地生态旅游资源、环境和社会经济的协调、可持续发展。     

都市生态旅游研究现状与挑战

本文主要目的,在藉由都市生态旅游相关研究的回顾,探讨近年来生态旅游研究转往都市地区的现象,并剖析其研究内容。考虑都市生态旅游一词被提出的时间点,本研究以1996年后相关之中英文专书、期刊与研讨会共计34篇为讨论对象。并针对文献之研究地区、研究议题、研究方法与研究者所在地区等四项进行检视。结果显示当下相关研究其研究方法以质性方法为主,且大陆为当下都市生态旅游研究主要地区与研究者背景来源地。最后,本研究以为当下相关研究仍流于概念性的论述,缺乏厚实的理论基础,亦缺乏深入的实证探讨,建议未来研究,当着重于发掘都市生态旅游的特质,并从更为务实的方向着手。     

国际生态旅游研究的知识图谱分析——基于SSCI数据库2005年以来文献的科学计量研究

本文对2005年以来国际生态旅游研究文献进行科学计量分析,展示国际生态旅游研究的知识图谱。对高频词汇、源刊、引文和作者进行频率分析,对关键词进行共现和聚类分析,探讨国际生态旅游研究前沿和热点,并对国内生态旅游研究进行比较分析,为生态旅游实践提供借鉴。     

Neoliberalising Nature? Elephant‐Back Tourism in Thailand and Botswana

Abstract: This paper examines the case of elephant‐back safaris in Thailand and Botswana; it argues that tourism has extended and deepened neoliberalism by targeting and opening up new frontiers in nature. In essence tourism redesigns and repackages nature for global consumption. Through a cross comparison of the same product (the use of captive/trained elephants) in two very different contexts (Thailand and Botswana) this paper analyses the variations in “actually existing neoliberalisms” ( Brenner and Theodore 2002 ) and demonstrates that the effects are not unremittingly negative ( Castree 2008b ). It also draws out the ways that neoliberalism is challenged and reshaped by context specific processes and so it does not completely displace existing ways of approaching nature. Instead, existing approaches mix with neoliberalism to create new ways of valuing and conserving elephants.