论中世纪英格兰庄园的运输役

中世纪英格兰运输役起源于庄园领主的物资供应需求,随着12、13世纪市场的激增以及运输条件的改善,市场型运输役逐渐普及。运输役一般由农民上层承担,其运输距离、目的地、运输种类等都受习俗制约。运输役衰落的原因主要有直营领地的衰落、运输的专职化以及私下交易的流行。运输役的兴衰与中世纪英格兰市场培育密切相关,是市场已有一定发育但还不太成熟的产物。     

The Service Sector in the Chinese Economy: A Geographic Appraisal

A U.S.-based economic geographer and observer of China's economy examines the rapid expansion of the country's largely overlooked service sector, at both the national and regional levels. A particular focus of the author's research is on identifying regional variations in the development of services within the country and exploring some of the more important contributing factors. Based on the findings, the paper also discusses structural shifts that occurred in China's regional economies, disclosing inter alia that inequality in the contribution of services to GDP did not follow the same trajectory as that of employment in services. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L800, O180, P230. 6 figures, 4 tables, 82 references.     

Ecosystem Management Research: Clarifying the Concept of Interdisciplinary Work

Abstract

Ecosystem management (EM) is a process for addressing environmental problems. It draws on research from multiple disciplines in order to ensure long-term maintenance of socio-ecological systems. The present study evaluates the definition of interdisciplinary work among researchers involved in generating data use (EM). The goal is twofold: to generate further discussions in research supporting EM, and to better situate this research in the broader context of interdisciplinary science. Using an online questionnaire, data was collected from 119 researchers. A cluster analysis identified both distinct and shared understandings of the concept. A logistic regression analysis identified the extent to which personal characteristics and researchers’ understandings of interdisciplinary theory determine definitions of interdisciplinary work. Researchers differ on the terminology but share an understanding about what it is: both a ‘way to do research’ and a ‘way of thinking about research’. Differences between researchers suggest a growing interest in developing deeper engagements with theoretical discussions of interdisciplinarity. Results are discussed in the context of the current state of development of research for EM and its contributions to sustainability.     

The Holocaust in Italian Collective Memory: Il giorno della memoria , 27 January 2001

The article examines the first official, national Holocaust memorial day in Italy, the so-called Giorno della memoria (Day of memory), marked on the 56th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz on 27 January 2001. It looks at the ways in which the day acted as a filter for issues of national collective memory and identity, in particular state and public negotiation of the legacy of Fascism, as well as addressing broader issues of Holocaust remembrance. The article looks first at the origins of the Giorno della memoria in political and in legislative terms. Then it sketches in the events of the day itself, at national and local levels, in political, educational and cultural terms. This is followed by an analysis of media coverage and contemporary commentary, showing how various lines of interpretation addressed general issues related to the Holocaust and specifically Italian historical, ideological and contemporary questions.     

中国城市信息服务业发展影响因素研究——基于中国191个城市的空间横截面数据分析

采用空间统计和空间计量经济学原理和方法对2005-2010年间中国191个城市信息服务业发展的影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明:城市信息化水平和人力资本对信息服务业的发展具有显著的正向作用;对外开放水平对信息服务业的发展影响不明显;城市间的产业关联对信息服务业发展没有通过显著性水平检验,这表明城市间物质层面的相互交换并没有对信息服务业的发展产生应有的正效应,而相反城市间的信息流动和知识溢出对信息服务业的发展具有显著的促进作用。     

The Location and Concentration of Businesses in Britain: Business Clusters, Business Services, Market Coverage and Local Economic Development

An important debate has recently developed around the significance of business clusters for the development of the economy. This paper assesses the extent to which concentrated clusters of businesses exist in Britain, using the fine spatial mesh of postcode districts. It identifies the major clusters using a development of the methodology to define local labour market areas. The paper demonstrates the high degree of localization and uneven development of businesses in Britain. It also shows that business service firms are even more highly localized and clustered than other businesses. Moreover, the larger the business centre, the more localized and clustered the firms. The pattern suggests that there is a strong influence of increasing returns of scale, and that, as well as local clusters, much of the British economy is covered by one metacluster. Implications from these results are drawn for the likely future development of the economy, the location of business service suppliers in order to develop their market coverage, and local economic development policy.     

CONTRIBUTION DES TECHNOLOGIES D'INFORMATION ET DE COMMUNICATION AU DÉVELOPPEMENT

L'évaluation réalisée pour l'Union Européenne de 25 applications de technologies d'information et de communication, a permis de tirer des leçons sur la contribution des TIC au développement rural. Les résultats de cette évaluation mettent en évidence l'importance du contexte économique, social et culturel dans lequel se situe l'introduction de la technologie, ainsi que celle d'autres facteurs dans la réussite ou l'échec d'une application. Ils montrent également que la centralité de la technologie est variable selon les projets. Enfin, ils identifient les différents modes de développement qui sont impulsés.
Lessons have been learned from an evaluation of 25 telematic applications, undertaken for the European Union, on the contribution of TIC to rural development. Evaluation results show the importance of the economic, social, and cultural context and the presence of other factors for the success (or failure) of an application. These results also show that the importance of the technology varies from one project to the next. Finally, these applications lead to different development types.     

假日旅游高峰对旅游生态环境的破坏及对策分析

假日旅游带来的客流高峰对旅游生态环境造成多层次、多方面的破坏,本文对此进行了较为详尽的分析,并从时间分流、客源分流、信息分流、价格分流和景区分流等角度,对解决假日旅游高峰问题提出建议和措施.     

中国生产性服务业发展水平的时空特征及其影响因素

基于标准差椭圆、ESDA-GWR和空间计量方法，对2003-2015年中国286个地级单元生产性服务业发展水平的时空特征及影响因素进行分析。结果显示：2003年以来，我国生产性服务业发展水平综合指数有较大提升，从沿海向内陆阶梯状递减的趋势逐渐增强，并形成沿海向内陆的“中心-外围”结构；空间上表现出在东-西方向上先极化后分散，南-北方向上先分散后极化的演变特征；城市间生产性服务业存在较强的正相关性，虽强度有所减弱但仍非常显著。影响因素结果显示：服务生产率、开放程度、城市化率、产权结构、知识资本密度对城市生产性服务业水平提高产生正向影响，而工业化程度对其产生抑制作用，挤出效应明显。     

Homelessness,nature, and health: toward a feminist political ecology of masculinities

Engaging with feminist political ecology and leveraging experiences from a 16-month critical ethnography, this research explores ways in which masculinities served as both a rationale and an outcome of men facing homelessness living in the margins of an urban municipal public park – a space known as ‘the Hillside.’ Ethnographic narratives point to Hillside residents making their home in nature, connecting experiences in nature with various masculinities, and the gendered eschewing of social services. These portrayals further highlight the perceived feminization of social services within a context of rapidly neoliberalizing urban environments, and illustrate the ways participants positioned and engaged with social services. Entanglements of health and nonhuman nature prompt a feminist political ecological engagement with masculinity. Experiences from the Hillside add textured richness to discourses concerning the ways in which contemporary landscapes are constructed, perceived, experienced, and co-constituted through and with gender.