青海民营经济发展研究

近年来,青海民营经济虽然有了长足的发展,但就其规模、数量、市场竞争力以及对国民经济的贡献值等方面而言,仍显滞后,与中东部地区相比有着不小的差距。大力发展民营经济,不断开辟新的经济增长极,是青海经济发展继续保持良好势头的现实选择和客观需要。本文拟通过对青海省民营经济发展现状的分析,借鉴发达地区的成功经验,从政策和体制层面上进一步探索加快青海民营经济发展的战略措施。     

对发展县域文化的几点思考

县域经济发展水平决定着县域文化发展水平,同样,县域文化对经济建设具有促进作用。发展县域经济需要文化作支撑,县域文化的成果最终体现在县域经济和社会发展上。因此,在县域工作中要一手抓经济建设,一手抓文化建设,使县域经济和县域文化协调发展,从而推动县域各项工作的良性循环。     

关于青藏高原发展农牧业循环经济的思考

本文立足于解决青藏高原农牧业发展的区域性问题,依据循环经济理论,阐述了青藏高原发展农牧业循环经济的必要性、发展模式,并提出了一些建议。     

人力资源开发的新趋势

进入二十一世纪后,全球社会经济形态甚至社会结构形态正在从工业经济和工业社会向知识经济和知识社会转变,进入一个以知识资源的占有、配置、生产、分配、使用为重要特征的时代。这一变化对人力资源开发产生了重要影响,从而形成一些新的发展趋势。     

蓬勃发展的上海旅游业

本文在分析上海旅游业近年来的蓬勃发展的基础上,进一步展示了上海旅游业的广阔前景,阐明了上海旅游业对经济与社会发展所产生的积极推动作用。     

旅游-经济-生态系统可持续协调发展评价模型构建与实证研究——以广西桂林为例

本文构建旅游-经济-生态复合系统评价指标体系,采用耦合协调度函数,对桂林市进行可持续协调发展评价研究。结果表明：1990年以来桂林市旅游子系统和经济子系统的综合序参量总体呈上升趋势,但旅游子系统的综合序参量波动性较大;生态环境综合序参量在1990～2000年间呈缓慢上升的趋势,2001年后发展趋势有所下降。旅游-经济-生态系统的协调发展关系处于颉颃状态,协调发展的程度还处于中低水平;系统耦合协调类型正在以旅游发展超前型,逐渐演变为经济发展超前型。     

The Italian Enlightenment and the Rehabilitation of Moral and Political Philosophy

ABSTRACT

By reconstructing the eighteenth-century movement of the Italian Enlightenment, I show that Italy’s political fragmentation notwithstanding, there was a constant circulation of ideas, whether on philosophical, ethical, political, religious, social, economic or scientific questions, among different groups in various states. This exchange was made possible by the shared language of its leading illuministi—Cesare Beccaria, Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Francesco Maria Zanotti, Antonio Genovesi, Mario Pagano, Pietro Verri, Marco Antonio Vogli, and Giammaria Ortes—and resulted in four common traits. First, the absence of a radical trend, such as the French materialist-atheist trend and, British Deism. Second, the rejection of inhumane laws and institutions, capital punishment, torture, war and slavery. Third, the idea of public happiness as the goal of good government and legislation. And fourth, the conception of the economy as a constellation where social capital, consisting of education, morality, and civility, plays a decisive role. I conclude that the Italian Enlightenment, not unlike the Scottish Enlightenment, was both cosmopolitan and local, which allowed its leading writers to develop a keen awareness of the complexity of society alongside a degree of prudence regarding the possibility and desirability of its modernization.     

A rentier class? Milanese nobility and the economy in post-unification Italy

ABSTRACT

The Lombard nobility’s loss of political power after the Napoleonic Wars has led economic historians to overlook the persisting role of traditional elites in social and economic life. The aim of the paper is to reassess the contribution of the Milanese aristocracy to Italian economic development, providing new insights into the business behaviour of the nobility in northern Italian areas. The article presents some new findings on noblemen’s investments and enterprises related to agriculture, manufacturing, trade and banking. The research focuses on the decades following Italian political unification, a period in which noblemen increased their interest in the financial sector and joint-stock companies (transport, banking, new sectors and industries) as a result of the transformations induced by the Industrial Revolution and the agrarian crisis of the 1870s and 1880s. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be used to assess not only the number of individuals involved and the capital they invested in new ventures, but also their role in orienting, stimulating, managing or supporting entrepreneurial activities and their openness to collaboration with the members of the middle class. The analysis combines the deeds produced by four notaries, chosen on the basis of their contiguity to the Milanese aristocracy, the foundation’s deeds of the main companies established in the city, conserved in the House of Trade, and the information provided by other local and national institutions. The cross-referencing of this data suggests that the Milanese nobility maintained a prominent economic role well beyond Italian political unification, contributing to the modernization of the national economy despite the weaknesses and contradictions that marked this process.     

Bridewealth1 and the Autonomy of Women in Melanesia

Considering bridewealth in Melanesia from the angle of women's autonomy, in this introduction we review and analyse the various elements of this marriage practice that reveal its place in the symbolic, social and economic worlds of women. With an accent on social transformation, we discuss women's autonomy and agency in relation to the constraints that bridewealth puts on their lives, and on how they engage with it. Knowing what bridewealth is, and how the rules of reciprocity that it indexes obligate married women, the focus is on women's ability to act within these constraints or to redefine their contours, particularly with regards to economic and reproductive agency. The article, which serves also as the introduction for the special issue on bridewealth in the journal Oceania, discusses themes analysed in the collection, such as the moral prospects of bridewealth today, its relation to ‘capital’ in twenty-first century Oceania, the triad value/valuables/valuers, and the empowerment of women. It concludes with thoughts on gender inequality.     

A Filtered Past: Interpreting Salt Production and Trade Models from Two Remnant Brine-Enrichment Mounds at the Ancient Maya Paynes Creek Salt Works,Belize

The mounds at Witz Naab and Killer Bee are the only known remaining aboveground evidence of a once-thriving salt industry in Punta Ycacos Lagoon, a large saltwater system in Paynes Creek National Park, Belize. Over one hundred ancient Maya salt works dated to the Classic period (a.d. 300–900) have been submerged by sea-level rise in the lagoon. We have hypothesized that mounds were once numerous features on the landscape prior to a sea-level rise that occurred in the area during the Terminal Classic period. Lacking at these underwater sites are earthen mounds formed by discarded soil from the leaching process in which the salinity of seawater was enriched by leaching brine through salty soil. Enriching the salinity of seawater by leaching or by solar evaporation is virtually universal in ethnographic case studies. Data from the excavations are evaluated to interpret the ancient activities that produced the earthen mounds, scales of production, and how the coastal Maya of southern Belize participated in the larger Classic Maya economy.