Echoing the Environment in Kam Big Song

Kam big song is an important genre sung within Kam (in Chinese, Dong) minority communities in southeastern Guizhou, China. It has traditionally served as a medium for transmitting historical, philosophical and ecological knowledge. Since the 1978 reforms, this region of Guizhou has been increasingly drawn into the national labour economy and has experienced a surge in economic development. The ensuing youth migration to urban centres, growing school attendance rates, and a marked rise in television viewing have led to a decline in Kam singing amongst younger generations. Nevertheless, in recent years certain forms of big song have featured increasingly in staged Kam cultural performances intended for broader audiences. Kam big song was recognised as a form of National Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in 2006, and was included on UNESCO's Representative List of the ICH of Humanity in 2009. This study draws upon various big songs that I learnt during almost twenty-four months of musical research in rural Kam regions from 2004 to 2011. It illustrates the cultural and ecological significance of this musical tradition, and the importance and complexities of its maintenance at a time of social transformation.     

Insect species associations characterise past occupation sites

Assemblages of insects, mainly beetles (Coleoptera) from nine archaeological occupation sites in Northern England and one in Northern Ireland have been analysed statistically (principally using Spearman's rank-order correlation between pairs of species) in order to identify associations of taxa. Some sites gave strong and fairly discrete groupings, which could be related to individual insect habitats, or spatially or successionally related habitats, or to taphonomic pathways. Where less sharp groupings were identified, they included elements from those seen repeatedly elsewhere and appeared to reflect the character of the site, for example juxtaposition of habitats (as in stable manure), very uniform conditions, or rarity of insect habitats. It is concluded that, with suitable caution, analyses of this kind represent a transferable methodology of great value in obtaining archaeologically relevant information, as well as in improving our understanding of the way insects adapted to artificial habitats in the past.     

《鸡肋编》的生态环境史料价值

《鸡肋编》是宋代较为重要的一种笔记史料,历来受到宋史学者的重视。本文对其中有关宋代气候、动植物、自然灾害等的记载加以整理和分析,从而了解宋代由这些因素所构成的生态环境状况。     

广西博物馆汉代铁器修复保护研究

广西博物馆收藏有数量众多的一、二、三级汉代铁器文物,这些铁器由于受到出土前的埋藏环境、文物入库前保护处理不当以及文物库房保存环境等因素影响,产生了严重的腐蚀病害。为了延长这些汉代铁器文物的寿命,减少其腐蚀损毁,本工作采用金相及矿相显微分析、扫描电镜分析、电子探针表面微区分析以及X射线衍射分析和X射线荧光光谱分析等方法对部分铁器进行了综合分析。根据分析结果,确定采用7.5%的EDTA二钠溶液清洗器物表面污垢和锈斑,用3.8%和2.4%的倍半碳酸钠溶液浸泡以去除氯离子,用铁粉 AB快速加固环氧胶 矿物颜料加固修复,用100g乙醇 1g苯并三氮唑 4g聚乙烯醇缩丁醛作封护剂等方法进行修复保护。实验结果表明,对汉代铁器的修复保护取得了良好效果。     

苏东海陆交接带可持续发展的生态足迹分析

苏东海陆交接带是介于中国东海和华东地区之间的过渡区域,是一典型的海陆交接带。由于历史上长期受黄河和人类活动的影响,该区域的生态系统脆弱性较为显著,资源环境问题十分突出。以中部盐城段为例,对苏东海陆交接带生态足迹及其动态变化规律的计算和分析表明,该区域1996-2003年的人均生态足迹呈上升趋势、万元GDP生态足迹呈下降趋势、生态赤字呈上升势头,从而得到生态不可持续发展状态正在逐年加剧、而资源利用效率有一定程度的提高的结论。因此,应积极采取以控制人口数量、发展资源节约型经济、提高农业劳动率、加强资源环境管理和保护等为主的措施,缓解生态赤字增长势头,实现经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展。     

旅游-经济-生态系统可持续协调发展评价模型构建与实证研究——以广西桂林为例

本文构建旅游-经济-生态复合系统评价指标体系,采用耦合协调度函数,对桂林市进行可持续协调发展评价研究。结果表明：1990年以来桂林市旅游子系统和经济子系统的综合序参量总体呈上升趋势,但旅游子系统的综合序参量波动性较大;生态环境综合序参量在1990～2000年间呈缓慢上升的趋势,2001年后发展趋势有所下降。旅游-经济-生态系统的协调发展关系处于颉颃状态,协调发展的程度还处于中低水平;系统耦合协调类型正在以旅游发展超前型,逐渐演变为经济发展超前型。     

生态文明导向的旅游发展方式转型——基于崇明岛案例

生态文明是人类文明发展的高端形态。生态文明导向的旅游发展方式转型,实质是旅游科学发展方式的实践建构和理论探索。传统旅游发展方式注重景观资源、资本要素的投入,忽视人本关怀。旅游业作为＂国民经济战略性支柱产业与人民更加满意的服务业＂的＂国计民生＂高端定位,为旅游发展方式转型提出了明确的方向。新旅游发展方式,是一种呵护自然生态、彰显人本关怀、坚守公平正义、凸显科学与伦理的文明发展方式。为此,本文基于长江口的崇明岛案例,探讨了旅游发展方式转型的低碳化模式,提出了生态旅游质量提升的一般理论模式。     

影响旅游英语教学质量诸因素的思考与对策

本文着力分析了影响旅游英语教学质量的因素,提出提高旅游教学质量的构想.     

旅游环境保护与政府干预

提要旅游经济的快速发展带来的环境问题不容忽视,为实现旅游业自身的可持续发展,必须保护环境。制度经济学为解决旅游资源可持续开发利用问题提供了一种思想方法和分析工具。文章在分析我国旅游资源开发所面临的环境问题的基础上,寻找环境恶化的制度原因,最后从法律、法规、政策等政府行为方式的转变角度提出了减缓以致消除环境恶化的对策。     

论羌文化保护与旅游发展的关系——北川羌族自治县旅游业灾后重建研究

本文对北川羌族自治县旅游业灾后重建进行研究,阐述了对羌族文化保护的科学认识。本文剖析了羌文化的基因与根本载体羌人自身,提出了保护羌文化的挖掘、提炼、交流、传承四原则。从灾后的实际出发,本文建议将中国羌族民间艺术团作为最具价值和影响力的旅游产品推向市场。