单檐歇山式木构古建抵抗极端烈度地震试验调查研究

为更好地保护我国古建筑,基于《单檐歇山式古建筑抗震性能振动台试验》的相关成果,研究了强震作用下我国明清官式木构古建的抗震性能,制作了与该论文相同的试验模型,进行了振动台试验。通过对模型输入烈度逐渐增强的1940年El-centro波,并考虑地震波为水平双向作用,分析了强震作用下不同构造的试验现象,开展了详细的震后调查,获得了不同构造在强震作用下的抗震性能和震害机制。结果表明:强震作用下,我国明清官式木构古建的振动形式表现为柱架、斗拱、梁架及屋顶的近似同步往复摇摆;主要震害包括柱底偏移、榫卯节点开裂、拔榫、斗拱偏移及错位、额枋-垫板分离、墙体倒塌等,但承重木构架受损不严重,结构未产生倒塌。其良好抗震性能的原因与古建筑的构造特征密切相关。     

Geoarchaeological approaches to the environmental history of Cyprus: explication and critical evaluation

Geoarchaeology represents crossdisciplinary research focused on environmental issues and human activities, and directed primarily to social scientists. Site micro-studies are central to the enterprise, emphasizing cultural sediments and the taphonomic record of site formation, preservation, or destruction. But when expanded to include off-site investigation and watershed studies, geoarchaeology can go well beyond stratigraphy and context, to address human impacts on the environment or long-term sustainability. This paper articulates a research agenda to evaluate the largely anecdotal premise that the island of Cyprus has been degraded by millennia of improvident land use. First, it outlines Holocene settlement, land use and forest histories, as a differentiated model against which to apply specific types of investigation, and in conjunction with other archaeological sciences. Second, it applies Quaternary-style watershed study to confront commonplace misunderstandings about possible degradation, to show that most of the slope and stream deposits on Cyprus are of Pleistocene age. Third, it switches to examples of site micro-geoarchaeology to illustrate the possibilities of understanding detailed change. The purpose is heuristic, in the absence of many more site and off-site studies that incorporate bioarchaeology. Provisional inferences suggest that environmental damage may be limited, that even with heavy land-use stress, climatic triggers were critical to inaugurate change, and that the system may be more resilient than anticipated. Such caveats may encourage greater attention to environmental research design in ongoing and future excavation projects.     

从神圣到世俗的欠发达地区乡村社区空间异化——国内背包客凝视下的亚丁村

从旅游凝视理论的已有研究不足出发,利用内容分析法梳理出背包旅游者对亚丁的多感官凝视内容;通过田野调查并依据表演理论,研究亚丁村社区面对凝视所采取的调适机制及空间响应。最后从背包旅游者凝视和社区调适两方面提出欠发达地区旅游目的地的舞台管理者可能采取的管理路径。针对背包客的多重感官凝视和当地社区的反凝视调适,管理者一方面可以通过加强背包客自我凝视、改变凝视内容、促进其对村民正向示范效应而进行;另一方面要通过合理的制度安排进行社区反凝视能力建设,帮助原著居民站上舞台,展演其原生文化。本文对多向度凝视及旅游凝视与展演、迷思等的关系研究提出了新的理论启迪。     

区域产业结构演变城市化响应形态的演化规律

引入"产业结构演变的城市化响应形态"的概念,从单一城市和城市群体两个空间层次构建产业结构演变城市化响应形态的理论模型,揭示产业结构演变城市化响应形态演化的一般规律,得出以下结论:伴随着经济发展以及产业结构的优化升级,城市从单一的城市形态逐渐向城市群体空间形态演化,从都市区到城市整合体,城市群体形态不断发展演化。在现代快速化、立体化交通体系的支撑下,城市(城市群体)迅速走向区域,并最终向区域空间功能一体化形态演化。并以长春市为研究案例,进一步印证了产业结构演变城市化响应形态演化的一般规律。     

保护性利用影响下的大遗址周边地区社会空间演变——基于空间生产视角

文章以大遗址周边社会空间为研究对象,综述已有研究的基础上对西安地区已开展保护性利用的大遗址周边发展情况进行规律性总结,以空间生产三元辩证法作为分析框架,以三次资本循环为逻辑主线,分析大遗址保护性利用与周边社会空间变迁之间的关系。研究发现：空间生产理论由于其分析社会与空间的双向互馈优势,研究大遗址周边空间实现了精神性、物质性、社会性的统一;保护性利用影响了大遗址周边地区固有社会空间结构,直接动因在于空间资本化驱使下的物质调整;在空间功能演替与生产方式变革驱使下居民社会关系不断嬗变;文物保护制度、土地制度、户籍制度加剧了大遗址周边社会空间结构的复杂性。     

The Effect of Persuasive Messages on Policy Problem Recognition

Prior theories of individual behavior in recognizing public problems have centered on the role of policy entrepreneurs; institutional effects; information; and cultural, political, and social pressures. Our extension of these theories suggests that policy problem recognition is an attitudinal evaluation process. If the information is considered valid and the new attitude is negative in valence, then a policy problem is recognized. To test this theory, we use an embedded experiment in a national survey to measure the effect of persuasive messages on the concern for global warming. We find that the negativity of the message and the credibility of the source of the message both affect the level of increase in concern for global warming. Further, the impact of the message from the source is conditional based upon the recipient's ideology. This suggests that policy problem recognition is attitudinal and thus incorporates both analytical and affective components.     

Inter- and Transdisciplinary Research for Planning Climate Change Adaptation Responses: The Example of Santiago de Chile

Abstract

This article gives insights into an inter- and transdisciplinary research approach designed to enhance the planning of climate change adaptation responses at urban-regional level. What makes interdisciplinary approaches to adaptation action unique is its ability to unravel the complexity of climate change and the interwoven processes it entails. It is the planning aspect here that makes stakeholder involvement crucial. Hence in contemporary climate change research the science-policy interface takes centre stage, generating response capacity and exchanging ‘usable’ information with decision-makers within the framework of a transdisciplinary approach. Climate action plans and climate adaptation strategies, for example, have the potential to unite sectors and levels of decision-making around an integrated planning approach. This article discusses the challenges and constraints of the inter- and transdisciplinary research approach developed for a Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MRS).     

《人民日报》汶川大地震报道框架理论分析

《人民日报》关于汶川地震的报道是一次成功的灾难报道。本文试从框架理论的角度,以《人民日报》关于汶川地震的报道为例,探讨媒体对灾难报道的重大突破。本文运用框架理论,详尽而具体地分析《人民日报》在汶川地震发生后一个月内的所有报道,试从研究中发现《人民日报》是如何在报道中再现＂汶川大地震＂这次突发性公共事件,以及《人民日报》是如何设置这次突发性公共事件的报道框架,以为今后媒体在面对重大突发性公共事件时公如何树立正确的新闻框架提出建议。     

建国初期突发事件的应对机制——以1949年察北专区鼠疫防控为例

1949年10月,察哈尔省察北专区鼠疫的流行和蔓延是新中国成立后面临的一次重大的突发事件,我国政府沉着冷静,从容应对,首先摸清情况、认清形势,其次正确评估、科学论证,最后采取果断措施,建立了政治动员机制、组织决策机制和信息沟通机制,为后来新中国成功处理类似事件提供了借鉴,也为后来新中国的卫生防疫事业和社会进步事业打下了牢固基础。     

The 18th-Century Baraccato of L’Aquila

ABSTRACT

This article attempts to describe a particular form of baraccata house, found in L’Aquila, Italy. The differences between this form of baraccato and the Italian traditional timber-framed (T-F) structures, the baraccato borbonico and the baraccato alla beneventana, are shown. In the upper valley of the Aterno river (Abruzzo, Italy), a few kilometers far from L’Aquila, wonderful 18^th-century examples of T-F masonry structures are present. The use of wood pervades both the poor and noble buildings. In this article, the documentary and functional features of this peculiar anti-seismic timber-based building technique, which is widespread in L’Aquila and the neighboring areas, is described. After a comparative analysis of the technique’s features, the case of three T-F buildings, belonging to three different social classes is reported, the first is the Ricci palace in Mopolino di Montereale, the second is a middle-class building, and the third is a rural one. The 1703 earthquake, which affected the upper valley of the Aterno river and the nearby city of L’Aquila, gave rise to an ante litteram anti-seismic culture. Timber was not seen as an obstacle to durability but a material to be exploited to protect buildings from earthquakes.