基于资本与场域理论的徽州地名变迁的社会响应与内在机理研究

立足社会大转型语境,收集有关徽州建制与地名变更争议的网络素材,借鉴批判范式、结合场域与社会记忆理论、采用语义网络分析对徽州地名变迁的社会响应与内在机理进行阐释。发现：社会响应存在明显的社群差异。婺源第一次改隶时民间强烈反抗并起到效果,第二次改隶后为多数民众所认可。媒体人群体、专家学者、普通民众与地方政府对徽州更名与复名的看法不尽相同,语义网络结构差异显著,关注重点亦有所不同。政治权力、经济资本与社会记忆分别推动徽州地名场域的边界重构、式微让步及其与黄山地名场域的交融共存是徽州地名变迁的内在机理。     

RÉSEAUX ÉLECTRONIQUES ET ESPACES JURIDIQUES: EXPÉRIMENTATION EN NORD-PAS DE CALAIS

La région administrative du Nord-Pas de Calais mène dans le cadre d'un programme de développement européen une politique volontaire en matiére de NTIC. Ces expérimentations ont conduit l'auteur à l'étude des rapports sociaux réticulaires, donné sociologique qui permet d'inférer des difficultés juridiques pour l'expansion régionale, sur son territoire comme dans ses rapports avec ses tuteurs. Les expériences en cours ont pour effet un déplacement de et dans l'espace social, induisant une réorganisation juridique.
As part of a European-wide expansion program, the administration of the Nord-Pas de Calais region has initiated a voluntary policy regarding new technologies in information and communication. These tests have led the author to analyze social relationships occurring on networks. This social interaction allows one to infer the legal difficulties of regional expansion within the territory and within relationships with tutelary authorities. The tests currently in progress lead to shifting of, and within, the social framework, bringing about legal reorganization.     

我国能源效率对产业结构演变响应的区域差异研究

通过分析我国30省(市、自治区)产业结构和能源效率演变特征,建立向量自回归模型,揭示能源效率对产业结构演变的响应机理及区域差异。结果显示:东部地区产业结构演变高度大于中西部和东北地区,我国能源效率总体呈自东南向西北递减态势,同时,两者在地区内部均存在较大差异;北京、上海第二产业对能源效率提高的抑制效应已经显著显现,天津、辽宁和黑龙江初步显现,其他省份尚未显现;东部、中部与东北、西部地区产业结构演变对能源效率提高总体分别呈正向推动、负向抑制和前期正向推动后期负向抑制效应。     

馆藏浮放陶瓷文物地震摇晃响应振动台试验

为保护可移动文物,采取试验方法研究了地震作用下馆藏浮放文物的摇晃响应.以故宫某展柜为原型,制作了1∶1比例的模型,并在展柜内放置了一陶瓷文物,进行了振动台试验.通过白噪声激励,获得了展柜的基频;通过输入不同类型、不同强度的地震波,研究了展柜和文物的地震响应;通过数值模拟,从理论上对模型地震响应进行了进一步论证.结果表明:对展柜而言,其基频在29～35 Hz之间,与地震波卓越频率相差较大,因而在地震作用下摇晃不明显;对文物而言,在地震波强度较小时能保持稳定振动状态,而在地震波强度较大时,文物容易产生明显摇晃并导致倾覆.此外,数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果吻合,证明了试验方法的有效性.在实际工程中,对高宽比较大的文物,应采取适当的加固措施,以减轻其摇晃震害.     

震后赴川入境旅游者满意度评价研究

本文以震后赴川入境旅游者为研究对象,采用因子重要性排序、配对样本t检验及重要性-绩效感知模型揭示了震后赴川入境旅游者的真实满意度感知。研究显示,入境游客对四川旅游经历的整体满意度较高;地震遗迹、大熊猫诸因子期望值与满意度之间的距离存在较大的差距,在排除前期望值过高的干扰后,得出大熊猫因子最终满意度较高的结论;民俗文化、历史文化、自然景观、当地人友善度为主要吸引要素;多数因子的重要性及满意度均较高,仅有城市基础设施一项因子重要性低而评价高,没有因子的重要性高而评价低。     

区域产业结构演变的城市化响应机理研究

区域产业结构演变城市化响应的研究作为地理学新的研究领域,已经越来越成为理论界和学术界研究的热点。本文对产业结构演变城市化响应的内涵进行了界定,从产业结构演变城市化响应过程、强度、形态、机制以及变化趋势等几个方面系统分析了区域产业结构演变的城市化响应机理,并建立起理论体系,以期为区域产业结构与城市化的研究开拓新的研究视角。     

The volcanic eruption of Thera and its effect on the Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations

Since Professor Sp. Marinatos linked the eruption of Thera with the destruction of Cretan sites, difficulties have been met in reconciling the dates of the two incidents which, based on pottery, were c. 1520 BC and 1450 BC, respectively, giving a “time gap” of 70 years. None of the mechanisms proposed for the Cretan site destructions-tsunamis, ash fallout, earthquakes, civil disturbances or invasion can be reconciled with the magnitude of the simultaneous site destructions. Therefore, an alternative theory is proposed that the Cretan holocaust was caused by “nuées ardentes” emanating from Thera. It is postulated that these were released through a “split” in the cone wall, of limited area, generating a high velocity jet of tephra fluidized in a red hot gas stream. Such a jet is immensely destructive and lethal, causing death by pulmonary oedema. The shape (like a blowtorch) and course of the ash fallout, as measured by deep sea cores, shows that these nuées ardentes passed over the eastern part of Crete, causing severe destruction and depopulation. The geological record confirms that tephra deposits from such Peléan eruptions have travelled for 160km, or more, and that normally the main eruption is preceded by a preliminary one of lesser intensity, with a time gap ranging from 51 to 203 years. Settlements on or at the base of the volcano would have been abandoned at the time of the preliminary eruption/earthquakes (c. 1520 BC). A time gap of 70 years would be reasonable, fitting with the Cretan catastrophe around 1450 BC. In the meantime, reoccupation had commenced, but was terminated by the final eruption. Apparently, Knossos on the periphery of the blast was severely damaged by fire (possibly again in LM II) and rebuilt, being finally destroyed in late LM IIIB. During this time span some “blurring” of pottery dating may be attributed to recovery and use of pottery “heirlooms”. The nuée ardente theory explains the simultaneous destruction of sites by fire and blast, the Cretan depopulation, as well as the time gap. In general ¹⁴C results confirm the dates proposed. So far tephra deposits have not been identified on Crete itself, but grains of it have been found at Pyrgos. It is suggested that cores from lake bottoms should be examined for the area, and that Cretan soil samples should be checked for tephra particles by employing the flotation technique, used in mining, for separating them.     

汶川地震导致的壁画文物震害研究——以广元市觉苑寺大雄宝殿壁画为例

为保护壁画文物,以四川省广元市剑阁县大雄宝殿为例,对汶川地震作用下殿内壁画的震害进行了研究.根据震后勘查结果,讨论了大雄宝殿壁画的典型震害症状,分析了古建筑侧脚构造对壁画抗震的有利影响.根据大雄宝殿壁画加固工艺作法及古建筑榫卯连接特点,建立了大雄宗殿的震前有限元模型.为研究汶川地震作用下壁画的震害特征,首先对其进行了模态分析,然后将模拟汶川地震波进行调幅,然后作用于大雄宝殿进行地震反应分析.通过采用时程分析法,获得了地震作用下不同时刻壁画整体的内力与变形响应峰值,并获得了典型节点的地震响应曲线.结果表明:大雄宝殿壁画开裂与空鼓的主要原因是面层与墙体粘结不牢导致的受拉破坏;地震作用下壁画保持稳定的振动状态;为提高壁画的抗震性能,壁画木框与外墙板间应加强连接,并在空隙处填塞隔震材料,同时应加强壁画本身保养工作.     

强风作用下木拱廊桥的风振响应分析——以文兴桥为例

中国传统木拱廊桥采用较短的木材构件,形成了较大的桥梁跨度,其整体造型优美,结构巧妙,构造特殊,具有重要的历史价值、艺术价值和科学价值。我国现存的传统木拱廊桥仅有百余座,集中分布于我国浙南和闽北地区,大多建于明清至民国时期,是我国木构桥梁建造技术和古代人民智慧的体现,而近些年来由于台风洪水等自然灾害导致的传统木拱廊桥破坏甚至损毁的事件时有发生。现有的对于传统木拱廊桥的研究大多着眼于其历史艺术价值和建造技术工艺等方面,鲜有对于其结构性能的研究,尤其缺乏强风作用下木拱廊桥的风振响应性能的深入研究。本工作为研究中国传统木拱廊桥在强风作用下的风振响应性能,以典型传统木拱廊桥——浙江泰顺的文兴桥为例,基于几何尺寸的精确测绘,采用SAP2000建立有限元模型进行了木拱廊桥的动力特性分析。研究内容包括以下几方面:首先,采用线性滤波法,基于自回归(AR)法模拟风场,利用MATLAB软件编写脉动风速时程。此后,由于我国现行的规范没有给出适用于木拱廊桥这一结构类型的风压体型系数,本工作通过CFD软件FLUENT风洞数值模拟得到适用于文兴桥的风压体型系数。最后,将模拟编译得到的时程风压作用于文兴桥的有限元模型得到其风振响应。计算结果表明:结构主振型为第一阶横向水平振动;风荷载对三节苗和五节苗两边最外侧的斜苗影响较大,对五节苗平苗的影响较大;下部剪刀撑的最大拉、压应力超过抗拉、抗压强度;剪刀撑脱榫将使下部斜撑的轴压力突增从而导致整体结构抗侧能力大幅降低;强风作用下传统木拱廊桥的时程计算风振系数为1.43～1.75,由此可见木拱廊桥风动力效应不容忽视。本研究成果反映了我国传统木拱廊桥在风荷载作用下结构构件的受力规律和整体结构的动力特性,并为我国传统木拱廊桥的风振性能评估和抗风保护提供理论依据,更科学地保护这一宝贵的建筑遗产类型。     

Pompeii’s Stabian Baths. Mechanical behavior assessment of selected masonry structures during the 1st century seismic events

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD buried and preserved the Stabian Baths building in the exact configuration which the archaeological excavations carried out in the second half of the 19th century recovered. By combining archeologists’ studies with the analysis of deformations and cracking pattern due to the 1st century seismic events, in this article numerical models have been formulated which allowed the formation of some hypotheses coherent on the timeline of the events, the damage to as well as the change of the shape and stylistic language of the thermal building. Specifically, through global seismic analyses and kinematic analyses of masonry portions of the “destrictarium” block, it is proven that during the 1st century not only a sole catastrophic earthquake occurred but, at least, two important seismic events took place.

The purpose of this article is to identify and parameterize the responsible earthquake by the analysis of seismic effects detectable in the damages and archaeological remains of the masonry walls of the Stabian Baths. The identification of the earthquake and the grading of provoked damages represent a useful knowledge tool that provides information about the vulnerability of ancient buildings and can be suitably used also to safeguard architectural heritage from seismic risk.