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121.
José L. P. Aguado Paulo B. Lourenço 《International Journal of Architectural Heritage》2018,12(7-8):1259-1275
ABSTRACTThe vulnerability assessment of the building stock in a given territorial area, such as a city or an entire country, is a key prerequisite for evaluating risk, not only because of the potential physical consequences resulting from the occurrence of an event, but also because it is one of the few aspects in which engineering research can intervene. In fact, the rigorous vulnerability assessment of existing buildings followed by the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions can help to substantially reduce the levels of physical damage and economic impact of future events. Particularly regarding the seismic vulnerability assessment of historical centers, the amount of knowledge that has been accumulated over the past decades, together with the broad damage data obtained from post-earthquake damage surveys, provides a singular opportunity to develop and calibrate innovative large-scale seismic vulnerability assessment approaches, which can be used to outline and support risk mitigation and management strategies. This article addresses this issue by discussing the use of a large-scale seismic vulnerability assessment methodology for masonry façade walls as a tool for evaluating the potential benefit resulting from the application of different seismic retrofitting strategies, both considering their contribution to reduce post-event urban losses and accessibility. 相似文献
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1939年,日本侵占南沙群岛,改名为新南群岛,划归台湾总督府管辖。1946年12月12日,中国军队登陆太平岛,竖立界碑,重申对南沙群岛的主权。1950年,台湾当局自太平岛撤出军队。1951年,《旧金山和约》签署,规定"日本放弃对南沙群岛及西沙群岛之一切权利、权利根据与要求"。这改变不了南沙群岛、西沙群岛属于中国领土一部分的事实。1956年,菲律宾商人克洛马代表"人道王国",占据了南沙群岛的几座岛礁。其属于个人行为,不具有官方身份。台湾当局立即要求菲律宾政府承认南沙群岛属于中国领土,制止克洛马的非法行为。同时,台湾当局派海军巡航南沙群岛,在太平岛驻军,劝离克洛马探险队,来巩固对南沙群岛的司法管辖权。美国政府要求台湾当局通过和平谈判,避免流血冲突。不甘心失败,克洛马拟要求联合国仲裁南沙群岛争端。 相似文献
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Jan Widacki 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2016,25(2):204-212
According to some sources, Professor Ivan Tarchanoff (Ivane Tarkhanishvili) died in Saint Petersburg in 1908. In fact, he died in Poland in his house in Nawojowa Góra, a suburb of Krzeszowice, not far from Kraków. A student and later assistant of Tarchanoff in Saint Petersburg, Napoleon Cybulski, was then professor of physiology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and its rector and deputy rector. It is hardly known that Tarchanoff spent the last three years of his life mainly in Galicia, at that time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There, near Kraków, he built himself a house and it was in Galicia (in Kraków and Lemberg [Polish Lwów, today Lviv]) that he worked on some of his last papers. The strong link between Tarchanoff and Polish physiology is not sufficiently well known and deserves to be recognized. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe analysis of the shaking table test of a 3-wall stone masonry structure performed with a discrete element model is presented. The numerical model, created with the code 3DEC, employed a rigid block representation and a Mohr-Coulomb joint model. Joint stiffness calibration to match the experimental natural frequencies is discussed, as well as the boundary conditions to simulate the shake table. Comparisons are made with the measured displacements at key locations, and the modes of deformation and fracture of the walls. The DEM model was able to reproduce important features of the shaking table tests. The experimental deformation and near collapse patterns were clearly identifiable in the numerical simulations, which produced displacements within the observed orders of magnitude, for the various levels of excitation. 相似文献
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近二十多年来,社会史新颖的视角使史学研究趋向丰富和深入,但这并未引起蝗灾史研究者的重视。本文以蝗灾与社会的互动关系为线索,在梳理蝗灾史研究的发展脉络的基础上,对目前的研究不足提出几点看法,并就蝗灾史研究中应该引入新的视角和方法、挖掘新的历史资料等方面做出展望。 相似文献
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政府领导者的决策能力、政府体系的决策执行能力和政府动员社会支援能力是现代政府能力结构的基本要素。公共危机管理使政府在非常态行政环境中的政府能力充分“曝光”,成为检验一个国家政府能力强弱的最好机会。中国政府正是凭籍强大的政府能力优势,成功地应对了汶川地震危机。这种强政府能力具体体现为:中国政府领导者强大的决策能力、中国政府体系高效的决策执行能力、充足的动员社会支持能力。 相似文献
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通过分析我国30省(市、自治区)产业结构和能源效率演变特征,建立向量自回归模型,揭示能源效率对产业结构演变的响应机理及区域差异。结果显示:东部地区产业结构演变高度大于中西部和东北地区,我国能源效率总体呈自东南向西北递减态势,同时,两者在地区内部均存在较大差异;北京、上海第二产业对能源效率提高的抑制效应已经显著显现,天津、辽宁和黑龙江初步显现,其他省份尚未显现;东部、中部与东北、西部地区产业结构演变对能源效率提高总体分别呈正向推动、负向抑制和前期正向推动后期负向抑制效应。 相似文献
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为了更科学地保护我国传统木构建筑,需要研究我国江南地区传统木构建筑的风振性能,为此,以江南地区最古老、保存最完整的佛教木构建筑——保国寺大殿的主殿为例进行风振性能研究。首先基于三维激光扫描获得的真实可靠的保国寺大殿的几何信息,采用SAP2000有限元软件建立主殿的有限元模型,并进行动力特性分析。再利用MATLAB软件编写脉动风速时程,并将风压作用于有限元模型上分析,得到主殿的风振响应。得到结构模态、位移时程曲线、位移谱曲线、加速度响应,并对时程位移风振系数和规范风振系数进行对比。结构的振动响应主要由前三阶振型控制,在强风荷载作用下,最容易出现的变形就是南北向振动、东西向振动和扭转振动;各个典型节点的最大位移均在侧向位移容许值内;迎风面阑额中心位移最大、屋面上半部次之、屋面下半部及檐柱柱头最小;主殿相连的两个部分的加速度相差较多,屋面和屋身的连接节点应成为日后保国寺大殿的保护重点;时程风振系数变化与规范风振系数的变化规律不同是因为结构横向刚度分布不均匀;时程风振系数是规范风振系数的1.2~1.4倍,这是由于按照规范计算风振系数的过程中只考虑了第一阶振型的影响而忽略其他所有振型的结果;规范风振系数的计算只适用于形状、质量沿高度不变的高耸结构,不适用于类似本研究中的低矮木构传统房屋结构。 相似文献