安徽淮北相山渠沟墓群M50发掘简报

2016年2月,安徽省文物考古研究所对淮北市渠沟墓群展开抢救性发掘,实际清理墓葬85座。其中M50为带墓道的单室砖墓,可能是一男二女妻妾合葬墓。M50规模较大,出土大量的模型明器和祭祀类器物。根据墓葬形制和出土器物判断,M50的年代当在东汉前期。墓葬的发掘为研究两汉之际该地区乃至整个江淮流域之间的丧葬习俗提供了重要资料。     

Is there a future for the past? An overview of archaeology in western Russia and Ukraine

The current political and economic situation in Russia and Ukraine poses grave dangers for the archaeological and museum professionals who guard these nations' legacies. At the moment that political barriers to Western collaboration were removed, new problems have crippled the post-Soviet archaeological community. Concurrently, Westerners tend to misunderstand Soviet and post-Soviet archaeological theory, forgetting that techniques such as lithic microwear and taphonomic analysis were introduced by Soviet scholars. New discoveries are described in three general categories: the origins of food-producing economies in western Russia and Ukraine, the evolution of surprisingly large towns in Copper Age Ukraine, and the origins of pastoralism in the Russian and Ukrainian steppes.     

Radiocarbon age determinations of fossil Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler) from the River Thames in West London

In the early 1900s shells of a large freshwater mussel, Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler), were discovered in calcreted gravel dredged from the channel of the Thames at several sites between Mortlake and Battersea in west London. These specimens were said to have been associated with Neolithic polished stone axes, supposedly as food remains. M. auricularia is now extinct in Britain, but it has been reported living in several large rivers in southern Europe although apparently not in recent years. Three radiocarbon dates of 4140±50, 4340±45 and 4860±40 bp have been obtained from Thames specimens, supporting a Neolithic age for these shells. The theory that the shells represent debris from imported human food is discounted and it is considered more likely that M. auricularia was actually living in the Thames in Neolithic times. Its extinction in Britain should be seen as part of a general recession during the Post-glacial, as revealed by fossil occurrences to the north and east of its present-day range.     

How to Surpass the Qin

In the famous chapters on the flaws of the Qin (221–207 BCE) dynasty, Jia Yi (200–168 BCE) deals with the reasons for the Qin’s defeat. This article, grounded in previous scholarship, will analyze Jia Yi’s discussion of the fall of the Qin and will show that the negative depiction of Qin policies was part of Jia Yi’s strategy for implementing the political agenda of the Han. Moreover I argue that the Guo Qin lun, or “To Surpass the Qin,” is not simply a historical analysis, but a political treatise that also deals with: (1) heeding the advice of meritorious ministers; (2) persuading the emperor to apply policies to bring tranquility to the people.     

Policing paternity: historicising masculinity and sexuality in early-modern France

In early-modern working communities, masculinity for young lower-rank men was embedded in particular performances and practices of licit intimacy. This essay analyses the specific expectations and parameters for men as well as women through which communities acknowledged and validated expressions of youth sexuality while marking and policing boundaries beyond which youthful courtship could become threatening to household and neighbourhood stability. Young men and women were the focus of these efforts just as they themselves participated in the assessment of appropriate behaviour. These issues suggest an on-going negotiation and contestation about what was appropriate for single men and women in terms of intimacy, and a clear sense that a violation of the community norms carried consequences for men as well as women.     

Scurvy‐related Morbidity and Death among Christopher Columbus' Crew at La Isabela,the First European Town in the New World (1494–1498): An Assessment of the Skeletal and Historical Information

This article explores the living conditions and specifically the possible etiologies of subperiosteal reactions among those seafarers who did not survive Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the Americas and died at La Isabela, the first permanent European settlement in the New World, which is located in the present‐day Dominican Republic. The town was founded in 1494 by Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) and occupied for only 4 years. This study analyses the macroscopic and histological evidence of the skeletal series excavated from this contact cemetery, which is presently curated at the Museo del Hombre Dominicano. Twenty of the 27 systematically scored individuals reveal subperiosteal bone accretions, and in at least 15 individuals, these accretions appear bilaterally. The morphology, distribution and healing stages of the majority of these lesions provide new, direct evidence suggesting severe adult scurvy, a condition caused by sustained vitamin C deprivation, which was common among seafarers before the 18th century. The historical context surrounding the individuals' death at the European contact settlement and the conditions and duration of Christopher Columbus' second transatlantic voyage to the New World represent key elements in the interpretation of these lesions. In this case, the evidence also corroborates the known failure of Columbus' crew to exploit the locally available foods rich in vitamin C. Scurvy probably contributed significantly to the outbreak of sickness and collective death within the first months of La Isabela's settlement, an aspect that inflects the current discussion about the degree of virulence of New World infections that decimated the European newcomers, who we conclude to have been already debilitated and exhausted by scurvy and general malnutrition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rare example of an early medieval dwarf infant from Brownslade,Wales

A rescue excavation at an early medieval Welsh cemetery has revealed rare evidence of an achondroplastic infant dwarf. The osteological examination revealed that the infant exhibited many characteristic features of dysplasia including proportionately short limbs, the early development of coxa vara and bowing tibia, whilst exhibiting normal trunk development. The exceptional preservation of such a good example of an achondroplastic infant will greatly contribute to the palaeopathological knowledge of this hereditary disease. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

由楚文化遗存的分布特点看早期楚文化的中心区域

本文从发掘及调查材料入手,以遗址为研究对象,对湖北省与楚文化相关的遗存的分布特点进行分析,重点着眼于与文献记载中的早期楚丹阳地望相关的沮漳河及江汉平原区、汉水中上游山地区、峡江地区及近来学界讨论较热烈的襄宜平原及随枣走廊区。通过对这四个区域西周至东周时期的遗址的分布特点的比较,运用"中心位置理论"观点加以分析,并结合文献考证,从而推断出不同时期的楚文化中心区。     

小议郑州“河一”铁官铭画像灰陶灶

1989年郑州市博物馆收藏了一件汉代"河一"铁官铭画像灰陶灶。本文根据灶类明器的演变,画像风格以及铭文考察,将这件器物的年代定在东汉早中期。