贵州可乐墓地出土铜器的技术研究

为研究古夜郎地区的青铜器铸造技术,本文对贵州可乐墓地2000年出土的33件铜器进行了金相观察和扫描电镜能谱分析,结果表明:战国早期至中期,铜锡合金的配比技术已经进入相对成熟阶段;战国晚期,可乐地区开始规范化、甚至批量化生产铜器;战国末期到西汉前期,铜锡铅合金的配比技术进入较成熟阶段;工匠先后掌握了锡青铜和铅锡青铜的制作性能,能够根据器物选择材质和加工方法;战国中晚期,可乐地区可能能够自行生产巴蜀、石寨山风格铜器,且与两地青铜技术水平相近。     

TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS: FOUR MOTIFS OF LEGAL CHANGE FROM EARLY MODERN EUROPE

In the past millennium, there have been thousands of polities in Europe and millions of laws. This article contributes to efforts by historians and sociologists to make some sense of this sprawl by constructing common types of law and legal change. Such types constitute distinctive patterns by which historical actors change names, ideas, and applications of rules of law under various circumstances. Three classic forms of change, namely legislation, mutation of custom, and judge‐made law, were described by Max Weber. To Weber's model I add four new types or motifs of change, which I dub legal deeds, voice‐supersession, legal fictions, and anthropological expansion. The major advance of the four motifs is that they each combine what could be called a semantic and a social view of legal change. That is, they take seriously the fact that law is often bound in a self‐conscious tradition of thought and practice. But each motif of change is also characterized by a typified social configuration of legal operators and legal subjects, who apply competing ideas to one another in distinctive ways. The paradigm of law in which the four motifs are embedded is evolutionary, pluralist, and liberal in that it posits creative social organization by multiple, independent, interacting individuals in society, weaving cumulative, complex orders. This theory makes several significant scholarly interventions. First, it attempts to reconcile outstanding semantic and social theories of legal change. Second, it historicizes legal pluralism while giving evolutionary theory a healthy dose of contingency. Third, the four motifs should also be serviceable to intellectual historians as tools for describing how historical actors interact with traditions generally. Tradition need not be viewed as conservative or even overwhelmingly static. This paradigm may help historians and social scientists assess how the force of the status quo balances against the power of individuals to innovate.     

唐代南宁州都督府属州交通与地望研究

南宁州都督府是唐朝西南边疆战略要地,下属十四羁縻州的具体地望至今多不清楚。本文根据文献记载,结合多学科研究方法,从分析交通格局入手,基本复原了这些羁縻州的具体地望。     

唐代前期都督府为州一级行政机构吗?——对《唐代前期都督府探讨》的商榷

本文对李青淼《唐代前期都督府探讨》一文提出的“唐前期都督在从军政向民政转变过程中,其等级也从统州降至与州同级”这一观点提出了不同意见,认为都督府是对驻在州有完全军事、民事管理权,对所督其它各州有完全军事及部分民事管理权的军政合一机构,虽不是标准的行政机构,但正因为对所督州有部分行政管理职能,也就形成了相应的上下级统属关系,在唐前期,都督并未下降为与州同级的官职,都督府也不是州一级行政机构。     

杞国史地考略

本文通过周代杞国史地的对比研究,论证了周代杞国不宜再分为“殷杞”、“周杞”或是“夏杞”、“夷杞”,而应该把杞作为一个国家来对待。同时也对商代、周代杞国的地望、迁移及迁移中的问题作了进一步论证。     

夏商西周金器研究

整理近50年的考古发掘资料,夏、商、西周金器从用途上可分为人体装饰、其他材质器物上的装饰、祭祀用器、腰带饰四大类。京津冀辽蒙、豫鲁、陕晋、甘肃和四川等地区的金器,各有区域特点并反映了相关的社会问题及文化内涵。     

殷周时期的“举族”及其相关问题

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西部大开发与民族区域自治制度

西部大开发,是党中央、国务院在新世纪之初所作出的重大战略部署。十年来,我国西部大开发战略的实施有力地促进了西部地区特别是西部民族地区的经济社会发展。而作为处理我国民族问题基本制度的民族区域自治制度,也为西部大开发战略的顺利实施以及促进西部民族地区的发展提供了坚强的制度保障。     

“屯田”并非赵充国治羌政策的核心内容

西汉时期的赵充国在平息西羌反叛中因为提出"留田便宜十二事"而备受后人推崇,但本文通过对西汉和西羌关系的梳理,认为西汉对西羌地区的治理基本上是以因俗而治和移民实边为主要特点,而大规模的移民实边也严重影响了西汉和西羌的关系,其中农牧之间的矛盾是一个主要因素,并最终导致了宣帝时期西羌的大规模反抗;进而认为屯田并不是"留田便宜十二事"的核心内容,而是针对西羌采取的一项综合性政策,也是和西汉在其他地区屯田存在明显不同的地方。