汉代《诗》学与民俗文化

汉代《诗经》研究兴盛,《诗》学在民间舆论之中受到高度重视,对汉代社会民俗文化产生了全面而深远的影响,举凡教育、取名、节日等均受到《诗》之沾溉。     

《全宋诗》指瑕四例

《全宋诗》中偶有谬误,文章对其中的一些谬误作出分类举例并辨析之,白于学界,以供研究者参考。     

金代汴京(开封)城布局初探

金代曾短时期定都汴京(今河南开封),并对汴京城进行了一番营建。经金营建后的汴京城较北宋时期的东京城而言,其结构布局发生了一些变化,内城的范围进一步扩大,宫室制度更趋完善。金代开封城的总体布局,自外向内有外城、子城(内城)、皇城、宫城四重城垣围护,由外城南门南薰门向北经新筑子城南门丰宜门、原宋内城南门丹凤门(即北宋时的朱雀门)、再向北经州桥至金皇宫南门承天门之间的大道,为全城的中轴线。     

唐代平卢军南下后的种族与文化问题

平卢军是一支胡化程度相当深的队伍,安史之乱爆发后,在忠于朝廷的势力中又分化为“胡化汉人军事集团”和“营州高句丽武人集团”两大派别。在两大派别陆续南下的过程中,他们都把胡族文化的影响输入到了中原地区,并使一部分地区(淮西)出现了比较严重的胡化倾向。军队或地域的胡化现象是淮西和淄青两镇得以长期割据、对抗中央的重要基础之一。由于各自不同的社会情势,淮西的胡化现象有逐渐加深、趋于河朔化的趋势;而淄青地区的平卢军人则胡化程度逐渐减轻,并最终被完全汉化。淮西和淄青两地不同的胡化趋势不仅深刻地影响了中唐时期的局势,甚至还影响到了晚唐时期的政局。     

明建文二年殿试举行时间与参试人数考辨

在明代科举考试史上,由于政治上的原因,建文二年的殿试变得扑朔迷离,疑案在悬。三月初一日举行殿试,作为一项制度于洪武十七年推出后,在洪武朝后期得到了较好执行。建文二年三月初一日因有日食,殿试推至次日举行。参加该科殿试的贡士,除本年二月会试中式的109名新科贡士外,还包括洪武三十年的告殿贡士郭秩,总数应为110人。     

Agricultural reclamation policy and environmental changes in the northwest China during the Qing dynasty

Northwest China, including the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and a small part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, was not only one of the earliest developed areas in history, but also one of the most ecologically fragile belts. The traditionally sustainable land reclamation and cultivation policies for the development of an agricultural economy adopted and implemented in administrations during different periods of the Qing dynasty, greatly raised farming and stock production. However, this led to imbalances in the originally fragile ecological environment. The negative effects such as rapidly expanding desertification, worsening water and soil erosions, increased cost of production, enlarged investment, vicious cycles and failing economy can serve as a lesson for contemporary development. __________ Translated from: Qingshi Yanjiu 清史研究 (Studies in Qing History), No. 1, 2004     

On the correlation between the formation of the “Maowusu Desert” and land use in Liuhu sub-prefecture in the Tang dynasty

The historical changes of the “Maowusu Desert” can be divided into three phases: the late Tang dynasty phase, the Song-Yuan-Ming dynasty phase, and the late Ming dynasty to the present phase. Different parts of the desert were formed in different times, with the northwestern part being the earliest to form. As all evidence shows, the Maowusu Desert in its early stage is believed to have taken shape largely around the ancient site of the You state during the years of Tianbao in the Tang dynasty, which is nowadays the eastern half of the Etuoke banner and Prior-Etuoke banner. The formation of the initial Maowusu Desert is not attributed to the so-called over-cultivation from farming but to the long-time exceedingly quartered husbandry starting from the 4th year of the Zhenguan to the years of Tianbao in the Tang dynasty, which resulted in the destruction of the ecology of the natural grassland. __________ Translated from: Shaanxi Shifan Daxue Xuebao 陕西师范大学学报 (Shaanxi Normal University Journal), No.3, 2004     

Characterization of archaeological lime mortars in a Ming dynasty tomb: A multi-analytical approach

Lime mortars have played an important role in constructing ancient Chinese masonry structures, including city walls, buildings, and tombs. A tomb built with lime mortars and stones belonging a Ming high-ranking official, Xu Jie, was discovered in Huzhou City of China. Eight different samples from Xu Jie’s tomb, representing four types of lime-mortar-based materials: joint mortar between stone bricks, bedding mortar, grouting mortar, and plaster mortars were collected for analysis and comparison. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. The function of each mortar was reported and studies into the micro-textural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi-analytical approach. The joint mortars were all found to be aerial lime mortars with predominately lime. The bedding mortar was found to consist of lime, soil and sand, typical of a tabia mortar. The grouting mortar was found to consist of lime and ground contact metamorphosed limestone. Analysis of plaster sample taken from the roof of the main tomb identified the presence of calcium stearate/palmitate, indicating the usage of plant-based tung oil as an additive. The analytical results will promote our understanding of Ming architectural technology and craftsmanship, and provide critical information for the conservation of Xu Jie’s tomb.     

试论黄石西塞山宋代钱窖的性质

本文通过对吕文德及其家族史的考辨,并通过对宋朝经济及钱币流通制度的分析,认为黄石西塞山历次出土窖藏钱币的性质,是南宋朝廷在军事紧急情况下窖藏的库钱。     

唐宋古文运动比较谈

唐宋古文运动是分别兴起于唐、宋时期的重要文学革新运动。它们的共同之处在于．都同当时的社会政治形势紧密相联;均打着复古的旗号为现实服务;文学观点比较接近,文学创作都取得了很高的成就。其相异之处在于,宋代古文运动有唐代古文运动作为借鉴,从而使宋人少走了许多弯路,使宋代古文创作在唐代的基础上取得了更加辉煌的成果。