The shifting evocations of squadrismo: remembering the massacre of Palazzo d’Accursio in Fascist Bologna

The massacre of Palazzo d’Accursio is considered one of the first events in the rise of the Fascist squads. This article analyzes the ways in which the event was described in Bologna during the twenty years that followed it. It is believed that in the first few years, commemorations that emphasized the role of the Fascist squads were not very common. Instead, they concentrated on the life of Giulio Giordani, a murdered lawyer and opposition councilor, who became a martyr. Members of the city’s ruling class, especially lawyers, developed their own rituals of commemoration, but the establishment of the regime led to the acquisition of the commemorations of Giordani by Fascism, reflecting the shift of the local elites towards Fascism. In the 1930s, the massacre began to be described with detailed reference to the violence carried out by the Fascists. This process coincided with a much more incisive occupation of the area of commemoration.     

抗战时期国民党军队的走私活动

抗战时期,驻扎在各地的国民党军队广泛地参与了大后方与沦陷区间的走私活动,造成了极为严重的后果.由于国民政府有意让军队以经商来解决经济困难、军队内部军系复杂、军人拥有武力以及腐败盛行等原因,使国民党当局难以制止军队卷入走私大潮中.     

A dystocic childbirth in the Spanish Bronze Age

Prehistoric cases of maternal and fetal death during labour are difficult to document. However, this must have been a frequent cause of death among young women who lived in hard circumstances and precarious health conditions. In this paper, a case of a Bronze Age woman who probably died during childbirth due to unavoidable reasons is presented: her baby was lying transversely with the right fetal arm protracted. Death of both mother and child was inevitable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

元代歌谣的分布研究

元代歌谣极富时代特点.在文献载录的频次上,以<河南北童谣><元末苏州童谣><方国珍谣>等被典籍载录的频次最高,其收录的频次与歌谣本事在当时及后世的影响力成正比.在时间的分布上,元代歌谣所呈现的历时性特征,与元朝的历史分期及阶段特征相吻合,基本上反映了元朝初期、中期、末期不同阶段的社会状况.在地域的分布上,以江浙行省被记录的歌谣最多,反映了江浙行省社会矛盾最为尖锐的区域特征.元代歌谣在时间的分布上集中于元末顺帝统治期间,在地域的分布上集中于江浙行省,在歌谣的主题上,时间和地域的分布基本重合,充分体现了元末的江浙行省所受压迫最深、反抗也最为激烈的历史.     

邓小平"南方谈话"研究的回顾与思考

关于邓小平"南方谈话"的研究,从1992年至今取得了很多可喜的成果,并呈现出逐步深化的态势.研究之初的侧重点主要在于对其内容的梳理和分析,并联系现实问题与历史经验,着力澄清某些不清楚或不正确的观点,以推动思想解放之潮;研究中期的特点是联系实际来考察"南方谈话"的真理性,并上升到哲学高度阐释其内涵,进一步认识其在指导意义上的普遍性;2002年以来,研究的角度更加多样,研究的问题更加深入,既增加了"南方谈话"与"七一"讲话的比较研究,又对"南方谈话"历史地位及其重大意义的探讨有了理论上的新突破.今后的研究,应当在此基础上,进一步明确研究发展的基本动因,采取多种方法拓宽研究视角,并强化比较研究.     

民国时期的安徽人口

民国时期安徽人口发展的总特点呈补偿性低速恢复特征。安徽人口政区分布不均,地域分布的密集点,以长江沿岸为首,依次为淮河流域、江淮丘陵、皖西山区、皖南山区。民国前期,人口省际迁移数量甚微;随着工业发展,大批农民迁入城镇,尤以迁入安庆、芜湖、蚌埠等城市为多。民国时期,安徽人口的职业结构中,从事农业的居首,其次是从事商业和工业的。     

陈宣帝太建北伐述论

陈氏太建北伐,系东晋南朝北伐史上的绝响之作。陈宣帝太建北伐的政治策略,是联周击齐;战争进程是先取江淮,而后强争黄淮交战于周。就南北对峙军事要地与江左国土安全关系论,太建北伐是内含战略防御与战略进攻的双重底蕴的。但陈氏起于南朝末造,经济武备均不及北朝,陈宣帝不能审此而失之烛远,穷兵远略将不可避免最终的失败。太建北伐始胜于周齐交争之隙,终败于北周统一北方之际,要在“合纵图齐”政略选择的失误;太建北伐最终归于失败,要在不仅折兵阃外再失淮泗,而影响亦及于南北统一的历史进程。     

民国时期西北地区交通建设与分布

民国时期是西北地区交通近代化的重要阶段,对于西北地区经济发展和社会变迁起到非常重要的作用。本文依据相关文献资料,在已有研究成果的基础上,从历史地理学的角度论述了民国时期西北交通事业发展的历程及其空间分布规律与特点。     

A preliminary study on the photo - degradation of printing pigments on banknotes issued during the period of the Republic of China北大核心

为了初步评价光照对民国纸币的影响,为博物馆纸币文物的展陈照明和保存提供建议,本研究选取了八枚纸币分别进行LED灯和自然光老化实验,并通过拉曼光谱仪和X射线荧光光谱仪确定了纸币样品颜料的主要成分——合成有机颜料红49:1、普鲁士蓝、铬酸铅和炭黑。通过老化前后的色差分析可知,纸币红色颜料变化最大,其他颜色变化相对较小。因此,对于民国纸币类文物,尤其是含有红色合成有机颜料的纸币文物,需要控制其光照条件以防止老化变色。