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51.
《Central Europe》2013,11(2):124-142
AbstractProfessor Bernhardi was one of Schnitzler’s most successful plays, and at the same time, a key document in the development of his Austrian-Jewish identity. The central conflict in the play is not, as often assumed, that of science against religion, but rather that between the critically minded individual and those who submit to a political or religious programme. The figure of Bernhardi reflects Schnitzler’s own position on the Jewish identity crisis, which may be termed ‘enlightened apolitical individualism’. In addition to his experiences working in his father’s clinic, Schnitzler drew inspiration for the plot from sources that are cited here for the first time. 相似文献
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Luc-André Brunet 《国际历史评论》2013,35(6):1145-1167
ABSTRACTThis article provides the most rigorous international history to date of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's 1983 peace initiative, one of Canada's major foreign policy ventures of the Cold War, examining both Trudeau's motives and the reception of his initiative among Canada's allies. Drawing on newly declassified sources in Canada, it uncovers the two-track strategy behind this initiative, aiming to mobilise Western European leaders to exert pressure on the Reagan Administration on the one hand, while quietly urging European allies to call for a review of NATO strategy on the other. Based on previously unavailable archival materials from seven different countries, this article also reveals how the Canadian initiative was received by the world leaders Trudeau sought to win over. It reassesses the Canadian initiative, revealing that it borrowed heavily from existing proposals from other countries, and that NATO leaders viewed the initiative as a mere electoral ploy to help Trudeau win re-election rather than a serious project to ease East–West tensions. This article concludes that with this initiative Canada was not in fact playing the role of a ‘helpful fixer’ and that the initiative constituted part of a wider and understudied trend in government responses to the ‘Second Cold War’. 相似文献
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Petri Karonen 《Scandinavian journal of history》2013,38(3):203-225
This article analyzes a situation when the war was actually over and society began to recover. The government faced a severe challenge after the war. These serious problems will be analyzed in the light of the Great Northern War (1700–1721). The plans of the central government to stabilize society will be analyzed, as will the different kinds of planning activities undertaken by the authorities. The critical nature of the situation led the government to concentrate solely on short‐term planning. The government had no proper strategies; there were just a couple of exceptions to this rule. Firstly, the problems in Finland were repeatedly concrete and tangible. This made them both easy to address and essential to redress. Conditions in Finland became an issue of the first order. Even here decisions were dictated to a great extent by short‐term goals. Another strategy was connected with notion of the ‘primacy of the economy’. The government tried to deal with the problems by granting tax exemptions and reliefs, or correspondingly by cut‐backs in areas other than those that had been devastated. The machinery of government was not able to create anything new after the war, but its supervision of existing activities was excellent. This was important with respect to the allocation and use of the meagre resources. 相似文献
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广州大都市外围地区二元发展的矛盾及治理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合广州案例选择界定研究范围,从空间形态、产业发展、土地利用、规划管理多方面分析大都市外围地区二元发展矛盾与特征,认为该地区承担了主城"自上而下"的空间外拓和外围撤市(县)设区后"自下而上"式的城镇蔓延。进而运用区域治理理论分析,指出其根源在于双轨城市化路径依赖下,现有规划编制与实施体系难以协调当前城乡二元土地管理制度下不同团体的利益冲突,认为广州应当从传统集权管理转向治理理念的协作方式,由此提出建立"发展需求管理、土地开发共同决策、发展利益分享"三个机制的对策研究。 相似文献
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国际金融危机影响及中国旅游饭店的经营策略 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
如何在正确认识国际金融危机对世界经济、世界旅游市场、我国经济、我国旅游市场和我国旅游饭店影响基础上,借鉴国际旅馆的经营策略,说明我国饭店的经营策略,这是当前我国旅游业发展的一个重要课题。本文据此命题,运用统计数据与典型样本分析,讨论阐明下列问题:(1)世界经济发展的主要趋势;(2)世界旅游市场发展的主要趋势;(3)国外旅馆的经营策略;(4)中国经济发展的主要趋势;(5)中国旅游市场发展的主要趋势;(6)中国旅游饭店的经营策略。 相似文献
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中国历代王朝的正统论均建立在"承天授命"和"以德化人"的儒家思想基础之上,也主要是由汉民族加以继承和阐释。清朝与前朝的区别是其版图已延伸至许多非汉人族群聚居的地区。儒家正统观显然无法全面涵盖这些地区的民众信仰和习俗。如何理解清朝对藩部边疆地区的统治仍然是目前清史研究的一项重要课题。本文提出清朝分别针对内地和边疆形成了新型的"正统性"的统治模式,清帝在内地的统治仍然依赖儒家的道德教化,对藩部的控制则主要依靠边疆少数族群对藏传佛教的信奉,从而建立起了另一种对前朝正统性的补充性制度框架。本文特别提出要区分"统治"和"治理"的涵义,"统治"主要是指皇权对一系列带有虚构色彩的象征性隐喻系统的利用和尊崇,"治理"则是对各类象征性统治符号的技术性延伸。其背后具有相当深刻的思想史背景在起作用。 相似文献
59.
Per H. Hansen 《Scandinavian journal of history》2013,38(1):87-88
In this article, I discuss the role of the three Scandinavian central banks in the establishment of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in 1930, and in the international lender of last resort operation towards Austria in 1931. I argue that small central banks were reluctant supporters in the establishment of the BIS and free riders in the Austrian crisis, even though there were marked differences in their attitude to international cooperation. These results run counter to the views of those International Political Economy (IPE) theorists who argue that small states should be in favour of international cooperation. On the other hand, the evidence seems to confirm Kindleberger's hypothesis that small countries were free riding during the international financial crisis of 1931, and that therefore there is a need for some coordinating mechanism, or a hegemon, in such crises. 相似文献
60.
Giuseppe Campesi 《Journal of Modern Italian Studies》2018,23(4):490-506
In this article, I will analyse how the Italian reception system has been transformed after the ‘refugee crisis’, showing how the change cannot be reduced to a mere expansion of the reception capacity. I will do this by tracing a genealogy of the Italian reception system and highlighting its main features before and after the ‘refugee crisis’. My hypothesis is that the ‘refugee crisis’ and the sense of emergency it created has stimulated the emergence of distinct segments within the Italian reception system functioning according to radically different philosophies and objectives. This, in addition to increasing the overall lack of consistency of the system, is having a profound impact on the rights of asylum seekers, greatly increasing the risk of their spatial and social segregation within Italian society. 相似文献