汉代彩绘的回贴修复研究

针对出土的汉代生漆彩绘和胶料彩绘的破损状况,用自行研制的增塑剂(SC1,主要成分为水性环氧及有机锡),加固剂(水性氟),胶粘剂(环氧树脂与聚酰胺及508的混合物),对生漆彩绘耳杯进行回贴修复;用显现加固剂(508及有机氟材料)对西汉兵马俑胶料彩绘进行显现加固,然后采用水性氟试剂作为胶粘剂进行回贴。两类彩绘的回贴效果理想,说明这种新型的回贴技术可以应用于文物彩绘修复。     

The modemization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory: a response to some comments

Long before 1979, Chinese historical research had been dominated by the theory of “the Five Modes of Production”, according to which the whole Chinese history as well as the other parts of the world had been developed from the first MOD to the last one by one. The modernization theories prevailed during the 1950s and the 1960s, bringing about another uni-linear model of historical changes. For example, W. W. Rostow designed a five-stage process as a universal frame work of economic development, based on which each society could find its position in this uni-line. The task of the less developed societies is just to introduce modemity from the modernized societies so that they can make some developments. Thus modernization is a uni-direction movement as well as a uni-linear process. After 1979, modernization as a new paradigm has been accepted by an increasing number of Chinese historians. The increasing depth and breadth of the academic researches have encouraged such an acceptance, but, admittedly, as a new conceptual system that corresponded to the historic breakthrough and the new direction towards modernization in China. This acceptance also showed the “crisis of paradigm”, that is, the contradiction between the new themes and the old ones that had dominated Chinese humanities and social sciences. The modernization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory considers modernization as a unique breakthrough in history, a great transformation around the whole world, and a historical process that does not have a given ultimate aim and value but different models and routes. The monistic multi-linear theory on historical development is open and all-embracing in historical studies. A variety of historical paradigms is favorable to prosperity of Chinese history. __________ Translated from: Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), No.5, 2004, by Wang Fan; Revised by Chong Hua     

The Study of Chinese Historiography from the Perspective of Intellectual History

To promote historical research today, one needs to create a vigorous environment for historiographic criticism, to summarize the progress and state of all fields and topics of history, and to enhance the study of historiography. All these three aspects, which share similar characteristics, can be called “historiography.” Their essence is the basic method for deepening the study of historiography as a whole and refining its branches from the perspective of intellectual history. They can help us to form a healthy scholarly mechanism to review historical achievements, which would be crucial to the development of academic research. Translated from Nankai Journal (Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition), No. 2, 2004     

坚持用唯物史观认识和把握中国国情——学习华岗史学思想的一点体会

华岗同志是一位忠诚于党的事业的革命前辈,卓越的马克思主义理论家.在思想理论战线,他所关注的领域,涉及哲学、政治学、美学、历史学诸方面.华岗的史学思想,具有鲜明的特色,至今仍有强烈的现实意义.他强调研究历史是为了推动历史、创造历史;他发扬中国史学的"求真"传统,把追求历史的真实看作是史学研究的生命;他大力提倡学术创新,认为创新是史学发展的本质要求.     

一夫多妻制在古代岭南盛行的地理基础及其历史影响

历史文献记载及婚俗残余反映古代岭南地区盛行一夫多妻制,本文在此基础上,指出该地特殊的自然地理环境、深刻的历史和社会文化背景、鲜明的区域文化特色等是使得一夫多妻制盛行的主要原因。一夫多妻制在岭南有明显的地域差异,可分为山区、珠江三角洲和沿海三个地区,给当地社会和文化带来深刻的影响,时至今日,在岭南经济发达的城镇,重婚、“包二奶(情妇)”现象又有所抬头,是新形势下一夫多妻制的另一种表现形式或折射。在正视这种现象同时,应充分认识它,并采取强有力措施革除它,以达到净化社会风气的目的。     

断裂与延续:意大利历史发展的特征

从西罗马帝国灭亡到意大利统一,从中央集权到大区自治,从罗马教廷的控制到天民党的长期执政,这是发生在意大利历史发展过程中的三次传统的断裂与延续。传统的断裂与延续,是意大利历史发展的一个鲜明特征。     

客观世界与文本世界的交锋--对新理论形态的马克思主义历史观评论的评论

蒋大椿先生提出的“唯物辩证的以实践为基础的系统史观”．在马克思主义历史观发展史上．是一种全新理论形态的历史观。无论是对于马克思主义历史观的发展,还是对于新世纪中国历史学的发展来说,它都具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。但是,由于评论者悬置客观实在的现实社会和历史,沉溺于马克思恩格斯文本建构起来的文本世界,加上评论者和蒋大椿先生之间在探索的问题、言说的平台和所处思想时段等方面的差距,因此,他们没有能够发现蒋先生的真问题和《思潮与发展》一文所具有的理论价值与现实意义。综览目前公开的评论,只能说这是一场极不相称的客观世界与文本世界之间的交锋。     

论章太炎的经史观

章太炎作为传统学术现代转型期的代表人物 ,其学术思想富有特色。就经史观而言 ,他的“六经皆史”说与近代启蒙思潮、新史学思想相结合 ,对前人成说有质的突破 ;在此基础上 ,他所形成的“征信”论相对于当时的“疑古”之风 ,他治学的“求真”精神相对于前人的“求实” ,都是对传统学术思想的重要发展 ;他以新史学方法治经 ,运用社会学、逻辑学等方法解经 ,则体现了方法论上的贡献。     

朱希祖史学略论

朱希祖是我国20世纪前期的一位重要史学家,在北京大学史学系、中央大学史学系担任系主任多年,为中国史学的近代化作出了贡献。他继承和发展了章太炎的史学思想,在许多史学领域均具有精深造诣。本文论述了他的史学成就,求真与致用相统一的史学思想以及他的治史特色、治史方法论。     

构建中国特色、中国风格和中国气派的中国口述史学--关于口述史料与口述史学的若干问题

口述史料主要指经过口传或为后人记录成为史料的民间传说、社会歌谣、历史人物讲话、录音录像以及访问调查的原始资料,对这些资料的发掘和整理被称作口述史学.在西方,现代意义上的口述史学建立于20世纪30～40年代前后,与这些国家相比我国至今仍充其量只有一些口述史的实践,其发展受到多方面的限制.建议成立有关组织,召开研讨会,构建相关规范,制定相关规划,形成和发展中国特色、中国风格和中国气派的口述史学.