Migration and the location of MNE activities: Evidence from Italian provinces

We investigate the migration-inward foreign direct investment (FDI) nexus in narrow geographies. A novel two-stage empirical strategy allows us to investigate the role of migration as a determinant of multinational enterprises (MNEs) location choices and unpick heterogeneity in foreign investors' preferences towards the presence of migrants in the host location. This allows us to shed light on the relative importance of the underlying mechanisms linking migration and inward FDI. Relying on 1113 greenfield investments by 895 MNEs in Italian NUTS3 regions over 2003–2015, we find that immigrants from the country of origin of the investor exert a positive but highly heterogeneous effect on MNE location choices. Investors are more sensitive to the presence of migrants from their country of origin when they lack experience in the destination country (first-time investors) and when their investments concern market-access or business-services (downstream) activities. This is consistent with the view that migrants act as information brokers that bridge the fixed costs of international business activities.     

Density and dispersion: the co-development of land use and rail in London

This article examines the changes that occurred in the railnetwork and density of population in London during the 19thand 20th centuries. It aims to disentangle the ‘chickenand egg’ problem of which came first, network or landdevelopment, through a set of statistical analyses clearly distinguishingevents by order. Using panel data representing the 33 boroughsof London over each decade from 1871 to 2001, the research findsthat there is a positive feedback effect between populationdensity and network density. Additional rail stations (eitherUnderground or surface) are positive factors leading to subsequentincreases in population in the suburbs of London, while additionalpopulation density is a factor in subsequently deploying morerail. These effects differ in central London, where the additionalaccessibility produced by rail led to commercial developmentand concomitant depopulation. There are also differences inthe effects associated with surface rail stations and Undergroundstations, as the Underground was able to get into central Londonin a way that surface rail could not. However, the two networkswere weak (and statistically insignificant) substitutes foreach other in the suburbs, while the density of surface railstations was a complement to the Underground in the center,though not vice versa.     

我国当前旅游消费需求不足的成因及对策

要扩大当前我国居民的旅游消费需求,应采取措施,适度增加居民稳定的可支配收入;发挥旅游业独特的就业优势;积极缩小社会收入分配差异;大力开发多样化旅游产品等。     

新时期国内旅游抗周期性及双对数需求弹性分析

2000年以来,我国人均收入超过1000美元,国内旅游进入快速增长期,呈现抗周期性的新特征。本文在形态指标分析的基础上,界定了旅游业抗周期的概念及两种表现形式。相关统计数据实证检验发现,2003年SARS危机后,2004年国内旅游强力反弹,2009年国民经济进入低谷期后国内旅游率先恢复,形成一种受短期波动影响较小的惯性增长。同时,本文依据1994年～2012年时间序列数据建立了双对数模型,分析全国及城市居民国内旅游收入弹性和价格弹性,结果显示,收入需求弹性大于价格需求弹性,收入增长对居民国内旅游的推动作用大于价格的限制,形成了“刚性”的旅游需求,这是新时期国内旅游迅猛增长及抗周期性形成的根本原因。     

黄金周旅游的理性回归

黄金周旅游现象是目前我国旅游业发展中一种非常重要的现象。作为一种“政策经济”,在推动旅游业快速发展的同时,又引发了一系列问题。旅游需求的集中释放导致了许多失衡现象的发生和市场有效配置功能的失效;市场的压抑性调节又使黄金周旅游现象不断出现新的特点,以人为本和度假休闲成为黄金周旅游的最本质要求。黄金周旅游的卖方市场地位已经发生动摇,黄金周旅游作为过渡时期的特殊现象,最终将归于理性。     

近期内未出游城镇居民的旅游障碍与目的地选择偏好研究

通过与近3年内有过国内旅游经验的城镇居民进行对比分析,本文对近3年内未出游城镇居民的旅游障碍和目的地选择偏好进行了研究。文章以城镇居民为调查对象,采用问卷调查、统计分析的方法进行实证研究,在全国15个城市发放2500份问卷,共收回有效问卷2296份,其中近期内未出游城镇居民问卷639份,然后以近期内出游者样本作为对照组,利用对比分析和非参数Ridit分析等方法分析近期内未出游者,并得出如下主要结论：（1）时间因素、经济因素、心理因素和旅游意识因素构成近期内未出游者的主要旅游障碍;（2）相比近期内出游者,近期内未出游者的经济因素、身体因素和旅游意识因素的障碍性更强;（3）近期内未出游者的目的地选择因素按偏好程度可以划分为6个层次,其中旅游安全和目的地环境是最重要的因素,但相比于近期内出游者,旅游的总费用和目的地环境条件（包括餐饮、交通等）对该群体影响更大,而核心吸引物的优劣影响则较小。在此基础上,本文还针对性地提出了市场拓展策略。     

从旅游者需求探讨我国旅行社业发展的潜力和方向

本文从旅游消费者需求角度探讨目前我国旅行社的不足之处、产生原因及改进的一些建议，探讨我国旅行社业发展的潜力和方向。     

Seeking politically compatible neighbors? The role of neighborhood partisan composition in residential sorting

High rates of internal migration throughout the United States offer opportunities to examine the factors underlying residential selection and neighborhood choice. We devise a survey experiment where respondents are shown photographs of properties and information about the local socioeconomic environment. By providing and varying additional information about the neighborhood partisan composition, our survey experiment explores how political information affects property evaluation. We find that the same property will be evaluated more favorably by partisans when they learn that it is situated in a predominantly co-partisan neighborhood. A second experiment examines how people make judgments about neighborhood partisan composition in the absence of readily available information. We learn that correct inferences about the politics of a locale can be drawn from non-political information about it, even without exposure to direct information about its partisan balance.