清宫流散书画损毁摭拾

作者辑录了清宫流散于外被损毁的书画名作,介绍了它们损毁的状     

汶川地震可移动文物震害研究

为探索汶川地震作用下以浮放为主的可移动文物的震害及防震措施,通过震后勘查,讨论了汶川地震造成的可移动文物的典型震害症状。从博物馆、陈列台、文物本身等三个方面,分析了可移动文物的主要震害原因和传统的防震措施的不足之处,对国内外可移动文物的先进防震技术进行了探讨,研究了其防震机理。基于国内外可移动文物防震经验,对我国可移动文物提出了防震建议。研究结果表明:汶川地震造成可移动文物震害除了地震本身因素外,文物防震措施不足是一个重要原因;为保证可移动文物的防震性能,首先应规范博物馆建筑抗震设计,其次考虑陈列台隔震技术应用,最后再考虑可移动文物与陈列台之间的可靠连接;采取先进的隔震技术对可移动文物的防震具有促进作用。     

Resource and environmental management: connecting the academy with practice

The rewards and challenges related to a research program that involves interactions between basic and applied research are shared. Specific experience is examined regarding integrated water resource management, capacity enhancement in developing countries and writing textbooks. Key lessons include the manner in which applied research and practice inform and enhance basic research, the role of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in guiding applied research, the need to understand the distinction between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary models and the importance of facilitating evolution from visions, strategies and plans to action.     

Screening Climatic and Non‐Climatic Risks to Australian Catchments

Emerging and future climatic change across the Australian continent has been identified as a significant threat to the successful sustainable management of the nation's water resources. However, the impacts of climate change must be viewed within the context of past, present and future climatic variability and human agency. A qualitative screening‐level risk assessment was undertaken for Australia's 325 surface water management areas by aggregating a suite of six relevant risk indicators. Four indicators addressed the antecedent conditions upon which future climate change will act. These included 50‐year trends in rainfall, the status of surface and groundwater development, and catchment condition. Two indicators addressed future drivers of supply and demand; specifically, projected changes in runoff and population. The results indicate that the management challenges currently experienced in Australia's population centres and key agricultural areas such as the Murray‐Darling Basin are likely to increase in future decades. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of net risk, inclusive of multiple biophysical and socioeconomic drivers, is more extensive than is suggested by consideration of surface water development and availability alone. Comparison of at‐risk catchments with the spatial distribution of various social and environmental assets identified a high degree of overlap among catchment risk and human populations, water storages, irrigated agricultural land, and wetlands of international significance. This suggests that the catchments of the greatest value are also those judged to be at greatest risk. Though considerable work remains in evaluating the security of Australia's water resources to climatic and other stressors, this study provides a first‐order scheme for prioritising the risks to which catchments are exposed and an assessment of how some key drivers are likely to interact to drive risk.     

中国计划经济的重新审视与评价

中国经济体制在20世纪的后50年里,就经济运行来说,经历了一个由计划与市场并存向计划经济转变、再由计划经济向市场经济转变的螺旋式发展过程。中国在50年代之所以选择计划经济体制,除主观认识因素外,当时的工业化压力、资源短缺和政府动员能力强也是重要因素。计划经济体制形成后的20年里,尽管它在集中资源加快独立工业体系的建立方面发挥了重要作用,并基本保持了高积累下的社会稳定,但是它最大的缺陷是不能长久实现社会主义所追求的高效率,而这正是计划经济被社会主义市场经济所取代的真正原因。     

百年来的"春秋决狱"研究评析

百年来关于“春秋决狱”的研究,成果卓著,学者们为此而付出了不懈地努力。笔者收集这些零散的学术观点和相关资料,进行归纳整理,对其肯定成绩,找出问题,意在为以后的研究选准突破口,奠定良好基础。     

关于我国旅游业国际竞争力的思考

研究旅游业国际竞争力具有十分重要的意义。本用波特国家竞争优势理论对我国旅游业国际竞争力现状进行了分析,认为我国旅游业虽具有某些优势,但现有的国际竞争力较弱。同时,作认为研究旅游业国际竞争力应具有多相测度。     

THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA) EDUCATION

The paper explores the role of education in environmental assessment (ea), identifies the range of techniques used to conduct ea education, and develops a rationale for the concept of critical ea education. The literature on public involvement in ea indicates that public education plays a significant, but poorly defined, role in current thinking on public involvement and reveals a diverse range of education techniques. To clarify the role that education can potentially play in the ea process, consideration of the theories of critical pedagogy and transformative learning led to the concept of critical ea education. Empirical support for critical ea education is presented through consideration of the recent Manitoba ea case involving the Pembina Valley Water Supply System. Nonparametric statistical analysis of variables at work in the Pembina Valley case reveal strong correlations that support the principles of critical ea education. Cette communication explique le rôle que l'gducation joue dans l'haluation de I'environnement (EE), elle identifie la gamme de techniques utilisées dans cette éducation, et elle développe un raisonnement pour le concept de l'importance de l'gducation dans l'EE. La littgrature qui traite le rdle du public dans l'EE indique que l'gducation publique joue un rôle important, mais mal défini, dans la penske courante au sujet de la participation du public dans DE. Cette littgrature révde ggalement toute une gamme de techniques pgdagogiques. Afin de mettre à jour le rôle que l'gducation pourrait jouer dans 1'EE, une considgration des théories de l'gducation critique et de l'apprentissage de la transformation a abouti au concept de l'importance de l'éducation dans 1'EE. Nous présentons en tant qu'appui empirique de l'importance de l'gducation dans l'EE une discussion du cas récent au Manitoba qui concerne le Système deau de la vallée Pembina. Une analyse statistique non-parametrique des variables qui jouent un rôle dam ce cas révélent dimportantes corrdations qui servent à appuyer les principes de l'importance de l'bducation dans 1'EE.     

ANTAEUS Project for the Regional Vulnerability Assessment of the Current Building Stock in Historical Centers

This article presents a methodology for the seismic vulnerability assessment of current buildings, suitable for the study of historical centers at the regional scale. The applicability is demonstrated with reference to four case studies: the historical center of the city of Foggia (Italy) and three other small towns of this province, for a total of 4519 housing units. Field data were collected by several teams of technicians by means of a survey form, provided in electronic format. The subsequent data processing and drawing of vulnerability maps was performed using geographical information system (GIS) technology. The collected data were used also for the validation of the algorithm, by comparing the results with those of the methodology used by the Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti (GNDT [Italian National Group for Defense Against Earthquakes]), which is widely adopted in Italy. The results of the research study and the application showed some critical points, related to the poor nature of the information collected and to the reliability of the final results. These issues are analyzed and discussed, proposing a strategy for improving the methodology.     

Teaching introductory GIS programming to geographers using an open source Python approach

Computer programming is not commonly taught to geographers as a part of geographic information system (GIS) courses, but the advent of NeoGeography, big data and open GIS means that programming skills are becoming more important. To encourage the teaching of programming to geographers, this paper outlines a course based around a series of laboratories that aims to provide an introduction to programming. Methods for teaching and assessment are recommended. These laboratories use core spatial concepts that are relevant for all areas of geographic study, and use an open source Python approach that has wider logistical and pedagogical benefits.