基于旅游者凝视的后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现

后发型旅游地是在欠发达地区,旅游业起步较晚,准备不充分,在资金、技术、人力资源、客源市场、基础设施等方面处于相对不利地位的旅游目的地,在旅游发展初期,旅游者的凝视会对旅游地文化产生重要影响。旅游者凝视理论为分析后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现提供了理论依据。通过对泸沽湖景区旅游者问卷调查并运用主成分分析法发现旅游者凝视的主要对象为:特色民俗文化、仪式性文化、母系氏族文化、自然景观,且以人文景观为主。对居民的问卷调查和非结构式访谈发现旅游者凝视对提高居民文化认同和文化自豪感、强化"摩梭人"族群认同、建构旅游地文化再现具有重要影响,也在一定程度上改变了文化的真实性,而政府引导性文化再现在提升泸沽湖旅游形象的同时,使得文化再现表现出秩序化、可持续的发展趋势。     

晚明名妓的气质与形象及其文化透视

名妓文化是晚明文化的一个重要组成部分。晚明名妓清丽脱俗的气质与形象体现在三个方面:衣着风貌的艺术美,居住环境的雅致美,行为举止的脱俗美。这种表现与她们的艺术修养以及晚明空灵的士风相关,也与名妓心理上对自身社会角色的认可和朦胧的自我意识的觉醒密切相连;从文化层面看,晚明名妓在此方面的刻意追求反映了晚明市民文化、娱乐文化、思想文化等社会文化风尚的变化趋向。     

输入与输出：广东侨乡文化特征散论——以五邑与潮汕侨乡建筑文化为中心

侨乡文化是中外文化交流的产物。侨乡文化体现了“中学为体,西学为用”的精神,无论在哪个侨乡,外来文化只是一种“补充”,侨乡的主流文化还是本土文化。本文以侨乡文化中比较容易辨认的建筑文化为中心,对最有代表性的五邑侨乡与潮汕侨乡的侨乡文化特征进行比较研究。作者认为,从建筑文化角度而言,五邑侨乡的文化特征是输入型文化,潮汕侨乡的文化特征则是输出型文化。而侨乡之所以采用西洋建筑文化,其实是侨乡现代化建设的选择。     

多元化、多样化、拓展化与开放性——西方学术界“17世纪普遍危机”论争及其启示

20世纪中期起,西方学术界围绕着"17世纪普遍危机"问题进行了一场论争,促进了对近代早期欧洲史的理解.透过其研究历程,我们从中可得到诸多启示.     

新四军文化建设的内容、特色与主要经验

新四军的发展壮大,除了其自身合法的国民革命军身份、广大官兵的浴血奋战和人民群众的鼎力支持外,文化建设也是其发展壮大的因素之一.新四军文化建设的历史同新四军的发展壮大、胜利的历史是紧密结合在一起的.在树立和落实科学发展观、建设社会主义和谐社会的新阶段,回顾新四军文化建设的主要内容,探讨其文化建设的个性特色,总结其文化建设的宝贵经验,对于今天的中国特色社会主义文化建设无疑具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

我国东北与日本文化交流的三次高潮

在中日两千多年的历史中,如果把中日文化交流分成古代、近代、现代三个大时代,那么中国东北与日本文化交流出现了三次高潮,每次高潮时期双方的文化交流的内容、方式都有着自己的特色,是中日文化交流史上重要的一页。本文探讨中国东北与日本文化交流的历史和特点,分析它对中日两国文化思想的进步产生的影响以及和政治经济发展的关系。     

Cultural Site Formation Processes in Maritime Archaeology: Disaster Response, Salvage and Muckelroy 30 Years on

Thirty years after Muckelroy's seminal 1976 paper on shipwreck site formation, research on the cultural processes which contribute to the creation and modification of shipwrecks remains limited. It is proposed that by adopting a process-oriented framework, we can integrate and synthesize the documentary, oral and archaeological evidence of human response to shipwreck into a structure which parallels the physical progress of the disaster. Possible cultural responses to shipwreck are considered, from pre-voyage planning through to post-impact salvage, including physical correlations potentially visible in the archaeological record.
© 2006 The Author     

Vielfalt der Wissenschaften bei Carnap,Lewin und Fleck. Zur Entwicklung eines pluralen Wissenschaftskonzepts

The Diversity of Science in Carnap's, Lewin's and Fleck's Philosophy: Toward a Pluralistic Point of View. In the 1920s and 1930s three different but simultaneous approaches of philosophy of science can be distinguished: the logical approach of the physicist Rudolf Carnap, the logico‐historical approach of the psychologist Kurt Lewin and the socio‐historical approach of the medical scientist Ludwik Fleck. While the philosophies of Lewin and Fleck can be characterized as contextual appraisals which account for the interactions between particular sciences and their historical, socio‐cultural or intellectual environments, Carnap's philosophy is narrowed to an internal methodology centered on scientific propositions and logical structures in general. In addition to these differences in aim and practice of methodological analysis the estimation of the real disunity and diversity of the special branches of science differs. Instead of Carnap's ideal of a unified science from the new pluralistic point of view the evaluation of the empirical multiplicity of particular sciences obtains philosophical acceptance.     

We Branded Ourselves Long Ago: Intangible Cultural Property and Commodification of Fijian Firewalking

ABSTRACT The Fijian firewalking ceremony (vilavilairevo), traditionally performed only by members of the Sawau people on the island of Beqa, is a prime example of a propitiation ritual that has become commodified to suit the requirements of tourism. The Sawau ‘gift’ of walking on white‐hot stones introduces another dimension of the gift practice. Although gifts and commodities are often treated as ideal‐type opposites, and a tradition of Melanesian scholarship has focused attention on the inalienability of gifts, I argue that the self‐consciously traditional firewalking practice of Beqa Island, Fiji, is an inalienable sui generis commodity that becomes effective by ‘branding’ Fijian concepts of different places' distinct custodianships. Over the last two centuries, the gift of firewalking has transmuted itself into a sociocultural tool that has consistently indigenized the power of the foreign. The gift of firewalking has allowed its custodians to locally sustain their community, to gain a reach and respect across the nation and beyond, and to intensify the group's social sentiment and social capital.     

Christianity and Cultural Reconfigurations in South West Pentecost.

ABSTRACT This paper examines the cultural impact of the introduction and evolution of Christianity in south west Pentecost, Vanuatu from the late 19th century to the 21st century. In particular it offers an explanation for the success and sustainability of Christianity due to the willingness of local individuals and communities to seize the new world view; and their welcome of Christianity's capacity to provide principles for appropriate social behaviour, opportunities for individual spiritual salvation, and the potential for temporal achievement. It acknowledges novel conduits to power and prestige emerging from socio‐cultural reconfigurations consequential to the tensions between Christianity and kastom in the 20th century, and scrutinizes the manner in which Christians in the 21st century have capitalised on kastom in their response to the pressures and demands of globalisation.