从《吏民田家莂》看汉代田税的征收方式

简牍表明,孙吴把国有土地按质量分为“熟田”、“旱田”两类租给农民,征收不同标准的田租,其“熟田”、“旱田”的数额是人为地“定”出来的而非依据土地质量的自然状况而统计出来的数量;东汉自章帝以后把土地“差为三品”而税之,吴简的问世,间接地证明了东汉土地分为三等之后是分别征以不同数额的田税;孙吴的“熟田”、“旱田”之分是东汉田分三等的发展,尽管租、税性质不同,但方式一致。     

耦合管控效应的城市空间多情景模拟与政策分析

将城市扩展数量管控、土地差别化管控及土地利用分区管控等多个政策方案,嵌入元胞自动机的转换规则中,进行耦合管控效应的城市空间多情景模拟与政策分析。研究结果表明：①在城市扩展过程中,伴随着生态用地面积锐减、建设用地利用效率低下及土地利用结构不合理等风险,政策管控有利于缓解上述问题;②土地政策不能扭转景观破碎化及复杂化加剧的现象,但可以抑制其趋势;③多政策同时使用可以在保护优势斑块方面产生协同效应,其效果优于单独使用三种政策,但在遏制景观破碎化和复杂化方面不能发挥单一政策所具有的最大生态效应;④土地政策的优先级为：数量管控-> 分区管控-> 差别化管控。     

基于GWR模型的合肥居住地价影响因素研究

以合肥市主城区为例,基于2010-2014年居住用地的出让数据,运用地统计法、GWR模型等方法,对合肥市居住地价的空间异质性及其影响因素进行研究。研究表明：①合肥市居住地价的空间分布呈现出显著的多中心的空间结构,地价的峰值区分别以老城区、政务区天鹅湖及滨湖新区塘西河公园为中心呈现圈层式分布;②不同的地价影响因素表现出不同的空间分布特征,其中容积率对居住地价的贡献度空间差异最大,其次是宗地面积,主干路次之,交通站点对居住地价的贡献度最小;③厘清各影响因素对地价的作用机制,建立动态的数字地价模型,不仅能促进土地资源的集约利用,重塑城市的空间结构,而且能为城市整体价值的发挥提供重要的理论支撑。     

基于结构视角的城市建设用地扩张的人口绩效研究——以山东省为例

回顾中国最近20年的快速城镇化进程,土地资源的供给性短缺和需求剧增的矛盾日趋尖锐,土地城镇化快于人口城镇化已经成为政府和专家的共识。以山东省为例,基于区域结构、用地结构、城市规模结构的视角,运用异速生长模型,分析2000-2013年期间城市建设用地扩张的人口绩效。结果表明：①从空间结构看,山东省土地城镇化总体快于人口城镇化,并且鲁西北、鲁西南和半岛中部地区的城市用地人口绩效高于中部和胶东半岛东部地区。②从用地结构看,不同类型建设用地之间存在显著差异性,居住用地、工业用地和绿地扩张所承载的人口绩效较低,仓储用地扩张的人口绩效偏高;③从城市规模结构看,人口规模在20万以下的城市建设用地扩张的人口绩效最高,20-50万规模城市最低,50万以上规模城市居中,且呈逐渐降低的态势。     

风景名胜区土地经济密度差异特征研究——以中国国家级风景名胜区为例

风景名胜区土地经济密度是衡量旅游用地效益的关键指标.为掌握中国风景名胜区土地利用经济状况、类型和空间差异特征,本文以国家级风景名胜区为研究对象,应用土地经济密度指数、变差异系数和Arcgis空间分析法对中国2003年～ 2009年26个省（市、区）国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度及其差异特征进行分析.结果表明：（1）从全国层面来看,我国国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度总体上呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中陵寝类、壁面石窟类、历史圣地类等三类风景名胜区土地经济密度相对较大;（2）分省层面来看,我国国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度的区域差异明显,区域时间差异变化上大致呈现“整体上升型”、“有升有降型”和“整体下降型”三种类型;区域差异动态特征显示,26个省（市、区）国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度的区域差异随着时间的变化呈现先缩小后扩大的趋势.     

中国收缩城市土地利用效率及其影响因素研究

依据人口统计数据与NPP-VIIR夜间灯光影像识别出2013-2017年中国收缩城市,运用超效率SBM模型测算收缩城市土地利用效率,并构建Tobit模型分析其影响因素.结果发现:①2013-2017年,收缩城市土地利用效率均值降低了1.44％,且各年份均低于增长城市与全部城市.实现土地有效利用的收缩城市占比较小,大多数...     

基于模糊逻辑的城市土地集约化利用评价--以江苏省地级城市为例

基于2000年的统计资料,选择地均GDP、地均财政收入等九个指标,应用模糊逻辑(Fuzzy Logic)方法从土地经济效益和土地使用效率两个方面对江苏省各地市的土地集约化利用程度进行了评价。结果表明江苏省13个地市的土地集约化利用程度从高到低可以分为五个等级。评价结果基本上反映了各城市人地关系的紧张程度和城市土地的经济产出效率。     

EXPLORING THE CONNECTIONS: LAND TENURE, SOCIAL IDENTITIES, AND AGROBIODIVERSITY PRACTICES IN GHANA

This article employs qualitative and quantitative evidence from primary social research in Ghana to examine the link between land tenure security and social identities (of wealth/income and gender), and how they condition farmers' investments in practices that contribute to the rehabilitation of tree biodiversity (agrobiodiversity). Statistical analyses of the significance of the effects of farmers' de jure land tenure security regimes, and income and gender on agrobiodiversity practices were inconclusive. The conventional causation link between investments and more secure formal land tenure rights, for instance, was confirmed in investments in four out of eight agrobiodiversity practices. Testimonial-based evidence of farmers provided a clearer concept of land tenure security and an explanatory framework about the interacting and complex effects of income and gender on land tenure security. The theoretical and empirical argument developed from these testimonies portrays land tenure as embodying negotiated social processes, influenced by gender and income of individuals, whereby breadth of land rights, duration of rights over land, and assurance of rights are established, sustained, enhanced or changed through a variety of strategies to shape tenure security. These processes – tenure building and renewal processes – are critical because all farmers have lingering anxiety about land tenure rights, even among farmers with more secure formal rights. Investments are made in agrobiodiversity practices as a strategy to strengthen land tenure security and thereby minimize anxiety, leading to reverse causation effects between land tenure, social identities, and investments.     

Canaan Banana,Churches and the Land Issue: Revisiting Theology of Zimbabwe’s Vilified Prophet

ABSTRACT

This study seeks to revisit and evaluate the “combat theology” developed by Canaan Banana, a contemporary theologian, Methodist minister and the first president of Zimbabwe, notably with regard to the issue of land dispossession. It does so primarily against the backdrop of the historical analysis of the ways in which power operated at the intersection of religion and politics during the first three decades after Zimbabwe’s attainment of political independence (1980). The article interrogates several facets of Banana’s liberationist view of justice with regard to the land issue, including (a) speaking truth to political power, regardless of consequences; (b) bearing a prophetic witness vis-à-vis the church’s own complicity in wrongdoing; as well as (c) making a distinction between the selective acts of “liberating violence” and the systemic violence inherent in unjust socio-political structures.     

Genealogy of Colonial Land Registration and State Land in Portuguese Timor

ABSTRACT

Establishing territorial control was one of the primary activities of colonial presence on Timor from the late nineteenth century. In Portuguese Timor as elsewhere in Southeast Asia, the colonial state pursued codification and regulation of land in multiple forms, including serial attempts to enact land registration in tandem with colonial projects including pacification, resource extraction, and generation of state income. Seeking to extend official purview to Timor-specific customary land use and practices, Portugal defined distinct social categorizations linked to land access and ownership. This article traces the policies governing land in Portuguese Timor from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s, highlighting state land acquisition, registration processes, laws and procedures asserting state control over land transactions, and international influences on Portuguese practices.