浅议新砦残器盖纹饰的复原

本文对新砦遗址出土的残器盖纹饰的复原,其结果与台北故宫所藏鹰纹圭上的高羽冠神像非常相似。它具有鲜明的时代特征,对探讨二里头文化铜牌饰乃至商周青铜器较常见的“高羽冠饕餮纹” 的渊源具有重要学术价值。     

近代苏北市镇工业兴起及对市镇发展的影响

苏北市镇工业的兴起改变了市镇经济结构,工业逐渐在市镇经济中占据重要地位,同时刺激了市镇手工业的发展,促进了苏北一批市镇的产生和发展,推动了近代市镇经济的转型。具有一定的典型意义。     

Cultural Nationalism,Anti-Americanism,and the Federal Defense of the Canadian Football League

ABSTRACT

During the 1960s nationalism flourished in Canada as did American influence, both cultural and economically, as well as separatist sentiment in Quebec. The Canadian federal government became more interventionist to combat threats to Canadian sovereignty: internal threats from Quebec and external threats from the United States. The federal government used sport as a nation-building tool and eventually acted to protect the Canadian Football League (CFL) as a display of resistance to Americanization and in an attempt to unite French and English. Canadian football had become a symbol of the nation and therefore could be used by the government in a symbolic way to resist cultural imperialism and promote national unity. On two occasions the federal government acted to ensure the CFL preserved its Canadian identity; first, to prevent Canadian-based football teams from joining an American professional football league, and second, to prevent American-based teams from joining the CFL. John Munro was the key Canadian politician who formulated policy to protect Canadian football.     

LIVING AWAY FROM HOME

This paper explores the premarital sexual behaviour and its covariates of young single women working in the garment manufacturing industry in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Because gender and sexuality norms inhibit women from disclosing proscribed lifestyles, measures to mitigate response biases were an integral part of the research design. The prevalence of premarital sex is higher than was previously known, with being older, having a less well-off family background, absence of guardians, peer sexual influence, and leisure and risk behaviour as risk factors. Dating solo—the most proximate behaviour to premarital sex—is engaged in more by women who live without guardians in Phnom Penh, who come from less well-off backgrounds, and who have been exposed to peer sexual influence. Parental influence upon daughters' premarital chastity and partner selection has long been significant. With rural–urban migration, this has been replaced by economic and peer influences, as evident in the high rates of dating, and other leisure and risk behaviour.     

中原商文化的北渐及商王朝势力的北向拓展

二里岗下层早商文化的分布范围主要在郑洛地区。二里岗上层一期,商文化主要向北方扩展,此时商文化聚落遗址已蜿蜒扩展至太行山以北的壶流河流域,北易水流域以南地区已成为早商文化的分布区,并可能被早商政权所控制。同时,商文化沿黄土高原东、南两翼的拓展,恰好形成了针对此时商文化西北方的"钳形包围"或"犄角"拱卫之势。中商文化时期的聚落遗址点在太行山东麓的河北中南部的分布比较密集。殷墟文化时期,商王朝的政治疆域格局大体与中商文化基本相同,只是商文化分布区在北方已完全回缩到北易水流域以南。虽然殷墟式青铜器向北、西北传布很远,到达长城以北及河套地区,但这些商代铜器都是脱离殷墟文化陶器群孤立存在的,不能以此为据来确定殷商文化的分布范围。商文化向北方的扩张与退缩,是与商人的进退相联系的,反映了商王朝政治势力的北向消长。     

Imperial Connections: Frederick Lugard,Charles Hartley,and Hubert Lyautey’s English Influences

ABSTRACT

This article examines the English influence on the thinking of the French colonial soldier and administrator Marshal Hubert Lyautey (1854–1934) through his interactions with the colonial Governor Lord Frederick Lugard (1858–1945) and the Victorian Engineer Sir Charles Hartley (1825–1915). Whereas Lyautey’s affinity for the British approach to colonial governance has long been noted, earlier considerations focussed on translated texts as the means by which knowledge of British practice was disseminated. Adopting a micro-historical approach, this essay instead scrutinises Lyautey’s encounters with Lugard and Hartley, both in person and in correspondence, so as to assess their influence upon him. Consequently, it can be seen that although Lugard is held up as a cross-channel equivalent of Lyautey, whose career spanned a similar period and whose ideas and approach to colonial governance mirrored those of the Frenchman, his influence upon Lyautey was minor. In fact, following correspondence in the mid-1920s, the two men met for the first time as part of a process of rapprochement which helped to forge a new link between the pair and to position them as Franco-British counterparts. Although this episode afforded both men the opportunity to reflect on the thinking of the other, in Lyautey’s case such knowledge as was acquired only reinforced ideas he had generated years earlier. Conversely, although Lyautey’s meeting with Sir Charles Hartley on the banks of the Danube in 1893 was fleeting, and of consequence only to the Frenchman, it exercised a profound effect upon him. Coming at an opportune moment in his transformation from metropolitan cavalry officer to fully-fledged colonial soldier, Lyautey would return to this encounter at intervals throughout the rest of his life, highlighting its importance in teaching him about the possibilities of a life abroad and what could be realised by a capable ‘man of action’. This article argues that a transnational lens allows for a deeper appreciation of the complexities of Franco-British imperial relations. The example of Lyautey’s encounters illustrates that national competitors could also be individual collaborators. Depending on the circumstances, enmity could exist alongside admiration, even at times of increasing cross-channel tension.     

International influence and local response: understanding community involvement in urban heritage conservation in China

This paper explores the situation of community engagement in the heritage sector in China, which is facing increasing international pressure particularly through donor agencies. It is argued that government-led residents’ committees do not essentially serve the interest of the local communities, whilst grassroots civil societies and NGOs are, to a great extent regulated, by the prevailing political power. Given the situation of insufficient community involvement in the sector of cultural heritage conservation in China, local government has adopted the international approach introduced by donor agencies, but this has not resulted in power sharing and the state constrains community involvement within certain limits. This paper examines the situation of community involvement in heritage management in the city of Yangzhou.     

George III and Parliament*

Circumstances were auspicious when George III came to the throne in 1760, but soon his political actions were much criticized and he was accused from early in his reign until well into the 20th century of weakening the independence of parliament and undermining the constitution. Some contemporaries did defend him and these views received powerful support from Sir Lewis Namier and his followers in the 20th century. Both interpretations have their flaws, however, because of the failure to recognize the profound changes in the context in which George acted over his long reign and the subtle changes that occurred in Britain's unwritten constitution over that half century. By examining how the king appointed and dismissed ministers, sought to influence the composition of both houses of parliament, and endeavoured to shape government policy, this article seeks to revise our understanding of the king's relations with parliament and the constitution and to relocate our overall assessment of him between those offered by his many critics and defenders both during his reign and long afterwards.     

中国社会组织发展的时空演化与影响因素

运用泰尔指数、标准差椭圆及面板数据回归等方法,研究2004—2017年中国31个省社会组织总数以及社会团体、基金会、民办非企业三类社会组织的时空演化特征,探讨主要影响因素。结果显示:(1)中国社会组织总数及三种类型社会组织均呈快速增长态势,但增长率表现为"下降—上升—下降—上升"的回旋式变化。(2)社会组织的发展呈现"东多西少"的空间格局,区域内部差异大且变化幅度大,东部地区内部省际差异最大。(3)社会组织总数及三种类型的标准差椭圆均呈现东北—西南的分布格局,其中社会组织总数和社会团体的标准差椭圆具有南移倾向。(4)经济、市场化水平、对外开放程度与社会组织的发展具有显著的正相关关系,且其发展还受相关政策及自然灾害频发等因素的影响。     

改革开放以来中国国际影响力的提升及其空间拓展机制

采用全球媒体报道事件大数据，依据空间相互作用理论和距离衰减理论，构建国家影响力评价模型，揭示中国在全球国家体系中的地位和作用，刻画其国家影响力的演变轨迹和影响空间拓展的过程，并挖掘海量事件背后隐藏的宏观格局形成的微观驱动机制。结果表明：①1980—2015年，世界大国影响力指数呈现良好的时空惯性，欧亚大陆的边缘地带是国家影响力指数高值的分布区域。②中国国家影响力指数的提升主要依靠其经济实力的增强，提升过程表现出“先平稳后快速”的阶段特征，不同阶段呈现出不同的对外开放和外交政策特征。③与中国发生事件联系的国家（地区）基本实现全球覆盖，2015年体现为对“一带一路”沿线国家影响作用的大幅上升。④经济发展的推动作用是宏观因素，与发达大国的耦合关系、主动的对外联系、政府主导的国际合作是中国国家影响力提升的微观事件驱动因素。