中国西部省会城市中心性分析

中心性是反映城市为其以外地区提供服务能力大小的指标,也是衡量城市中心地位高低的重要依据。文章在借鉴国内城市中心性相关研究成果的基础上,根据统计资料提供的数据,分别计算出1984年、1995年和2001年西部省会城市的中心性指数;然后,根据不同时期中心性指数的变化,分析其中心地位的消长涨落;根据2001年中心性指数的大小,划分其中心地位的等级体系,并据此对西部省会城市未来发展的空间组织格局做出初步判断。     

Accessing Hunter-Gatherer site structures using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: applications at a Taltheilei settlement in the Canadian Sub-Arctic

The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on soils and caribou bone from a Taltheilei culture settlement in northern Canada contribute to developing micro-archaeological approaches suitable for locating and characterizing hearth and midden features on hunter-gatherer sites. A weak yet pervasive signal for montgomeryite was developed from the diagenesis of dispersed ash and caribou processing residues. Disordered calcite, carbonate hydroxylapatite, charcoal, and burned bone in two pit-house hearth deposits indicate that both wood and bone were used for fuel. Crystallinity indices and carbonate/phosphate ratios for bone indicate high intensity burning. These data, in tandem with the presence of semi-subterranean dwellings, demonstrate that this particular tundra-based encampment was occupied during cold seasons, a type of settlement behaviour previously unrecognized in the Taltheilei archaeological record. Our results confirm that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is an accessible, rapid, and cost effective means of discovering micro-archaeological evidence valuable for reconstructing hunter-gatherer site structures.     

Can Russia Compete in the Global Economy?

A noted British economist and analyst of current developments in Russia investigates that country's competitiveness in global merchandise export markets by seeking to determine its trade specialization and comparative advantage in a global context. In search of consistent trends, the author compares Russia's scores in 2000 on the Balassa Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage with those of 2004, and also for that year with a selected list of international competitors (Brazil, India, China, Turkey, and the United States) as well. He then discusses recent (through June 2006) government efforts to stimulate export growth in sectors currently underrepresented in Russia's trade profile and assesses prospects for improvement in the balance of Russia's export profile. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E20, F14, F40. 7 tables, 20 references, 1 appendix.     

Cortical index of three prehistoric human Pacific Island samples

To understand stress, attention must focus on the costs and limits of adaptation. The current study investigates two non‐specific indicators of stress in human skeletal remains from three prehistoric sites in the Pacific Islands as an attempt to understand differential responses to island environments. The samples used in this study represent both colonising and established populations and are spread geographically throughout the Pacific Islands. In the current study both inter and intrasample comparisons of cortical index (CI) and maximum femoral length are made. Within all the samples there is evidence of an age related decline in CI and a sexual dimorphism of CI and maximum femoral length. No significant correlations are found between the non‐specific indicators of stress and the temporal and spatial distributions of the samples. Overall, the indicators used in the current study show very similar results and therefore do not seem to reflect differential adaptation to Pacific Island environments through time and across island groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

居住生态社区的内涵及其指标体系初探

本文对居住生态社区的内涵进行了分析,建立了居住生态社区的测度指标体系。指标体系涉及生态住区的硬件、软件和心件(文化)等方面的内容。作者认为,居住生态社区并不是某个单一指标的完善,而是多个指标协同发展的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统。     

基于多尺度的湖南省区域经济差异演进分析

本文采用极差、标准差、加权变异系数和泰尔指数,从县域、地市州和四大板块3个尺度对湖南省1990-2013年区域经济差异演变进行测度,进而采用泰尔指数对全省区域经济差异进行分解分析。研究结果表明:1湖南省区域经济差异在3个尺度上均有不同程度增加且表现出较明显的尺度特征和尺度效应;2全省总体经济差异演进呈"M"型曲线,可划分为逐步上升、持续下降、再次上升、趋于收敛四个阶段;31990-2009年板块间差异对全省总体差异的贡献率从26.55%快速上升至51.35%,近年来有所下降并趋于稳定;4区域经济差异形成与演进的影响因素主要包括自然条件、经济发展阶段、交通建设、区域发展战略布局以及国家宏观区域政策等。     

城市RBD判断指标体系研究

在中国目前城市RBD即将大发展和人们对其的理解和判断存在着重大分歧的背景下,文章从城市RBD概念及其内涵的认识出发,在深入研究城市RBD功能和特征的基础上,提出了一整套判断城市RBD的指标体系,该指标体系包括规模、特征和功能三个一级指标,一级10余个二级指标构成,并就这套指标体系广泛地征求和吸纳了国内专家的建议。以期能对有关城市RBD的研究有所裨益。     

英国流行人文地理学导论教材之评述与借鉴

选取英国时下流行的两本人文地理学概论教材《人文地理概论》和《人文地理学导论:21世纪的议题》,分析了他们的优缺点,并与美国的同类教材进行了比较。《人文地理概论》基于后现代主义的理念,采用30人的大团队,全新的结构(基础+论题+背景三部分),试图展示当代人文地理学的多样性。后一本教材则以问题为导向,采用21人的大团队,充分利用地图、表格、照片、热点知识窗,用手册性著作的写法,全面展示了当代人文地理学的研究主题;缺点是视觉冲击力不够,缺乏对有关研究取向历史发展的论述。     

The relationship of bone mineral density and other growth parameters to stress indicators in a medieval juvenile population

In this study the radii of 34 juveniles from Wharram Percy, a British medieval site, were measured for bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in order to investigate evidence of stress including Harris lines, cribra orbitalia and deficient cortical index, which is usually attributed to poor nutrition. BMD measurements are used in modern children to assess growth and development and generally correlate with linear growth. Only rare chronic illnesses affect bone mineral accrual in children. Radiographs of the radii were examined to assess cortical index and of the femora and radii for Harris lines. The results indicate that BMD is well correlated with dental age and linear growth, but is poorly correlated with cortical index. The variability in cortical index indicates the influence of environmental factors. There is no relationship between BMD and the presence or absence of Harris lines or cribra orbitalia. Thus, despite obvious evidence of skeletal stress in this juvenile population, bone was not under‐mineralised and bone mineral accrual proceeded normally with growth. This reinforces the conclusion that cortical index is a more sensitive indicator of environmental stress than either Harris lines or cribra orbitalia, and may be compared with BMD measurements to assess the effect of stress on growth. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

避暑旅游指数概念模型及评价指标体系构建

气候变暖背景下避暑旅游成为夏季旅游市场的主旋律。地方政府及旅游主管部门在培育避暑旅游目的地时应从何入,手旅游者如何能够准确地做出避暑旅游决策等是一个现实问题。本文在综述国内外相关研究与实践的基础上,认为舒适凉爽的夏季气候条件只是避暑旅游的最基本条件,创新性地提出应侧重从产业发展的角度,引入旅游休闲度、游客满意度和综合风险度等指标。避暑旅游评价指标体系的构建为目的地避暑旅游条件评估提供了理论框架,有助于游客准确地做出避暑旅游决策,同时也为目的地避暑旅游发展与提升提供一个具操作性的管理工具。