The social contract of artists in the era of cultural industries

The aim of this paper is to analyse the growing emphasis on the concepts of the experience economy, creative industries, and cultural industries as ways in which the social contract of artists is negotiated. What expectations are directed towards the artistic profession and how is the contribution of artists to society and their work conditions constructed by these concepts? The paper applies the concept of social contract from the sociology of professions which enables a focus on the artistic profession not only in an internal arts world perspective, but also in a broader societal frame. The study presented was carried out in a Norwegian context. Empirically, the paper is based on 28 applied research reports.     

Assessing the local embeddedness dynamics of the Baumwollspinnerei cultural quarter in Leipzig: introducing the POSES Star Framework

This paper argues that it is important for urban scholars and practitioners to comparatively appraise the differential forms of local embeddedness of cultural quarters. Such appraisals can help to realize more sustainable practices of cultural quarter anchoring within neighbourhoods. The case study of Leipzig, Germany – a city that deploys both ‘creative city’ and ‘cultural industries’ models of urban development within a context of post-industrial, post-socialist transformation – is used to examine the adaptive re-use of a former cotton-spinning mill, the Baumwollspinnerei, into an internationally renowned cultural quarter. The POSES Star Framework is developed as an analytical tool to systematically outline multiple local embeddedness dynamics (political, organizational, social, ephemeral, and spatial) of a cultural quarter within a neighbourhood and within a specific urban planning and policy context. The application of the POSES Star Framework to the Baumwollspinnerei reveals that internal organizational concerns for site development and marketing are prioritized over external engagements with Leipzig's urban planning and cultural policy discourses.     

Guerrilla healthcare innovation: creative resilience in Zimbabwe’s chimurenga, 1971–1980

Abstract

Drawing from the last five years of chimurenga, Zimbabwe’s war of self-liberation from the early 1960s to 1980s, this paper shows that the most important aspect of technology and innovation in Africa is not the technology and innovation itself, but the African spirit of creative resilience born of the specificities of struggles its people have endured. By creative resilience is meant a phenomenon whereby, even where death is the outcome, and where the situation is insurmountable, people do not just surrender to fate, but die fighting. As a site of creative resilience, chimurenga is the ultimate site of creative labor and a vast laboratory, not simply a destination for incoming technologies, or a 'user' space but generative of its own insurgent and counter-insurgent innovations. Focusing on the communal war effort involving guerrillas and ordinary Africans in the rear bases of Mozambique and Zambia and on the front inside Zimbabwe, the paper makes its argument through a focus on healthcare innovation.     

广州市创意产业从业者地域分布特征研究

20世纪90年代以来,一种依靠知识和信息的新的经济形态--创意经济应运而生,它以市场化运作的模式创造经济财富的同时,也带来广阔的就业领域。在这一浪潮影响下,广州市创意产业中也得到快速发展,创意产业从业人数也大量增加,并呈现出特有的地域分布特征。以广州市第一次经济普查数据为根据,从地理学空间的角度以微观层面探寻广州城市内部空间创意产业从业人员空间分布特征,通过从城市整体空间、城市地域结构空间、不同创意产业行业分布空间三个空间层面的对比分析研究,追溯出广州市创意产业从业人员地域分布规律,对并试图总结出它的发展趋势。并尝试对其分布特征的形成原因做出解释,总结出它的分布规律。鉴于国内外创意产业研究的现况,这一研究不仅能丰富国内外创意产业就业研究的空间尺度和实证研究成果,具有重要的理论意义,而且对广州市创意产业的发展具有一定的指导作用。     

The creative destruction of Niagara-on-the-Lake

Heritage shopping villages are becoming increasingly commonplace in rural North America. Their creation reflects the demands of post-modern consumers to purchase symbolic capital in the form of unique products and experiences reflecting a bygone era. Entrepreneurs have responded to this by commodifying heritage and tradition; a process that leads to the creation of new landscapes and a perceived destruction of the old. This transformation has been described in the model of creative destruction (Mitchell 1998). In this paper the model is applied to Old Niagara-on-the-Lake, a heritage shopping village located in southern Ontario, Canada. Data on functional change, visitor numbers and residents' attitudes are analysed for the period 1950–1998. It is concluded that historic Niagara-on-the-Lake is in the early stages of 'advanced destruction'; one characterized by major investment, large numbers of visitors and partial destruction of the rural idyll. Results of this analysis confirm that while the basic premise of the model is sound, modifications are required to accommodate some of the study's findings.     

服务业区位论:概念、理论及研究框架

二战以来,随着世界经济服务化进程加快,国内外学者越来越关注服务业区位理论的研究,但迄今为止,国内外学术界至今没有形成完整的服务业区位理论体系。从区位论的基本概念出发,在区位过程理论的基础上,根据服务业的特性及分类,提出了由一般服务业区位理论和服务业行业区位理论构成的服务业区位理论研究框架。在服务业区位理论框架的基础上,阐述了服务业区位选择的基础理论,初步构建了由经济区位因素、空间区位因素、信息区位因素和人文区位因素构成的服务业区位因素钻石模型,并探讨了服务业区位选择及区位模式的研究思路。结合所建立的服务业区位理论体系,提出了服务业区位的实证研究框架。     

苏州园林文学与园林旅游

本试图以苏州园林为例,剖析园林学与园林旅游的关系,认为园林学在对园林意境的点示、开拓、再现以及园林旅游的宣传、导游、开发中都起着重要作用,是急需开发的人旅游资源。     

旅游企业营销策划的创意要求

现代旅游企业都面临前所未有的压力和挑战。面对这种态势,有创意的营销策划显得尤为重要。本文从分析创意的本质着手,介绍旅游企业营销策划的创意要求和思维要求。     

农业旅游代际特征与盈利模式研究

农业旅游是农业与旅游业融合发展所形成的新型业态。农业与旅游业融合深度、方式的不同,形成了农业旅游不同的阶段性特征,同时也影响着效益增值的幅度。本文通过对世界农业旅游发展历程的梳理,以主导功能、产业融合深度、盈利模式为依据对其进行了代际划分,总结出农业旅游的发展迄今大致经历了三代演进历程——即观光农业、休闲农业和创意农业,并对其各自的代际特征进行了定性研究。