新中国成立初期农村基层普选运动中政治动员的意义阐释

新中国成立初期的第一次普选运动是中国共产党领导的民主下乡的集中实践。针对乡村民众对普选的认知,政府在普选的每一个环节都进行了相应的宣传和动员。普选动员在贯彻国家意志中培养了民众的民主意识,在新旧政权的对比中引发了民众的民主参与热情,在彰显人民民主的意图中加深了民众对民主意涵的理解,在男女平等的宣传中激活了妇女对民主权利的主张。普选的政治动员推动了民主下乡的进程,成为后来农村基层民主勃兴的历史因子。     

陈云与20世纪60年代初的农业恢复

三年“大跃进”给中国经济特别是农村经济带来了一场浩劫。20世纪60年代初,“大跃进”运动结束后,农村人口的非正常死亡还在发生,农业生产降到1949年以来的最低点,农村一片凋敝。面对如此惨重的灾难,陈云以实事求是的态度和对党对人民高度负责的精神,力挽狂澜,大显身手,提出了切实可行的措施,对缓解饥荒、摆脱农村困境以及恢复农村经济作出了重大贡献。     

信访工作在建国初期社会建设中的作用

建国后人民群众通过来信来访的方式向党和政府反映大量的社会问题,主要集中在失业问题、干部的官僚主义和违法乱纪问题以及三农问题。信访工作在建国初期对于化解各种社会矛盾和推动社会建设起了重要作用。     

社会主义新农村建设研究综述

自从党的十六届五中全会提出社会主义新农村建设的重大战略以来,理论界和各级领导干部进行了深入的研究。从近期社会主义新农村建设研究内容看,涉及社会主义新农村建设的内涵、背景和重大意义、具体措施以及需要注意的问题等方面。     

建设新农村必须建立健全农民利益表达机制

建设社会主义新农村要调动农民的积极性,发挥农民的主体作用,使广大农民通过合法、正当的途径和方式,把自己的态度、情绪、想法和意见表达出来,以实现和维护自身合理的政治、经济、文化等方面的权利。要建立健全农民利益表达机制,使这一机制成为有效维护农民正当权益的制度保障。     

新农村建设中的农民权益保护问题

目前中国农村中存在的许多问题,在某种程度上都可以归结为农民权益保护问题。建设社会主义新农村,不仅要增进农民权益,也要防止以建设新农村的名义侵害农民已享有的权益。     

青海农村剩余劳动力转移问题研究

文章通过对青海省农村剩余劳动力现状的分析,表明青海农村劳动力资源过剩严重,农村剩余劳动力行业和地域分布不合理,农村劳动力转移仍然处于无组织的自发状态,劳动力整体素质低下,同时,分析了青海农村剩余劳动力转移中存在的主要问题和难点,提出消除制度障碍,调整农业产业结构,大力发展农村第三产业,发挥乡镇企业吸纳农村剩余劳动力的功能,建立城乡统一的劳动力市场体系,大力推进农村城镇化进程,吸引农村剩余劳动力向小城镇聚集,加大教育投入,提高农村劳动者素质,搞好农民工技能鉴定工作等措施。     

构建农村和谐社会的制约因素及对策

本文分析了构建农村和谐社会的制约因素,并从重视农村教育、全面规划经济建设、完善规章制度、规范村民自治和精神文明建设几方面提出了相应对策。     

“The Dirty Scruff”: Relief and the Production of the Unemployed in Depression‐era British Columbia

Abstract: In this article, I examine this nexus between the social and political meaning of unemployment and the political responses that follow. I focus on Depression‐era Vancouver and investigate the broad ideologies, representations and practices that contributed to the derision of the unemployed, which in turn, informed the establishment of rural relief camps that aimed to address the unemployment crisis of the 1930s. The social and political meaning of unemployment shaped the contours of the Federal Unemployment Relief Scheme, which housed men in work camps and aimed to both discipline and rehabilitate the unemployed. However, the relief camps were plagued by several contradictions exploited by the Relief Camp Workers Union, which constructed oppositional understandings of unemployment. In discussing the relationship between unemployment and relief I attend to questions of space, highlighting the urbanisation of unemployment and the ideological distinctions between the city and the country.     

Florence and its hinterlands in the late Middle Ages: contrasting fortunes in the Tuscan countryside, 1300–1500

A key strand of research for social and economic historians of the pre-industrial period is the relationship between city and countryside. Sometimes urban and rural environments enjoyed mutually beneficial relationships, though in other cases cities reduced their rural hinterlands to poverty and decay – the question is, why? By focusing on late-medieval Florence and Tuscany, this paper moves away from approaching this question through an ‘urban bias’, and suggests the answers can be found within the structural configuration of rural societies themselves. Essentially, some rural regions were well set up to repel urban predatory tendencies, while other societies were susceptible to exploitation.