蜀国与西南民族

自古以来,我国西南地区民族人口众多,民族成份复杂,民族分布面广,民族活动能量强、社会影响大。三国时期,立国于西南之蜀国与西南民族的关系极为密切,对西南民族地区社会历史的影响广泛而深远。本文在阐述蜀国建立的基础上,着重论述了其境内的民族成份及诸葛亮平南中的事件,并对(?)人的族属和平南中的时间作了进一步的探研。     

从马克思主义平等观看福利国家与苏联在推进平等过程中的教训

马克思主义认为,平等是一个客观的历史发展过程,是一个类的范畴,是一种相互关系,平等与不平等都是客观的、相对的,在一定条件下可以互相转化。西方福利国家和苏联的实践证明,无论何种社会制度,都不能完全依靠国家强制力自上而下推进平等,而只能顺应时代发展,不断调整政策,使社会在动态平等中不断向前发展。     

近代中国科学救国思潮研究综述

新中国成立以来,学术界对近代科学救国思潮的研究经历了两个阶段:一是在建国后至1980年,科学救国思潮被视为资产阶级改良主义的反动思潮而长期受到学界的否定和批判;二是在1980年代以来,学界对科学救国思潮的研究开始转变,逐渐实事求是地、历史地看待科学救国思潮。从主观的评价逐步转到客观的辨析该思潮在近代中国所起的作用上来,开始重新审视科学救国论者的思想和言行。特别是进入21世纪后,研究出现了新的趋势,有学者开始尝试对科学救国思潮的理论体系、科学救国与科教兴国的关系等问题进行探讨。     

‘Attaque and Break Through a Phalanx of Corruption . . . the Court Party!’ The Scottish Representative Peers' Election and the Opposition, 1733–5: Three New Division Lists of the House of Lords of 1735*

In the early 1730s, Archibald Campbell, the earl of Ilay, gained a dominant position in Scotland, and Sir Robert Walpole, the prime minister, entrusted him with the distribution of patronage there. Ilay took full advantage of this power, and controlled the votes of the financially weak Scottish peers in the election of 16 representative peers. The excise crisis of 1733–4, however, changed the political scene in Scotland. Although they had been chosen as supporters of the court party, some of the Squadrone Volante members (the duke of Montrose and the marquess of Tweeddale) and two courtiers (the earls of Marchmont and Stair) raised a standard of revolt against Walpole and Ilay. The Scottish opposition co‐operated with the English country party (‘the Patriots’) and such Scottish tories as the duke of Hamilton. In the 1734 peers' election they launched a challenge to the ministry, but the opposition was crushed by a bankrolled election campaign organised by the court party. Although the English and Scottish opposition petitioned in the house of lords to criticize the ‘undue practices’ of Walpole and Ilay at the election, the ministry was backed up by English and Scottish courtiers and bishops, and overwhelmed the opposition. Three new division lists related to the aftermath of the Scottish election shed much light upon the party alignment of the upper House in the middle of the 1730s.     

The role of the past in late medieval hidalgo historical writing and memory

ABSTRACT

This essay is structured around two themes: the writing of history and memory. On the one hand, it analyses the use of the past in Lope García de Salazar's Libro de las buenas andanças e fortunas (1471–5). His approach to history is imbued with nostalgia for a legendary past, and more specifically for a political arrangement between the Lord of Biscay and the lesser nobility (hidalgos) which ensured respect for their privileges. This is set in contrast to a second group of material, legal documentation relating to the town of Escalante in Cantabria. Historically under seigniorial control, the inhabitants created a collective memory that framed a past prior to the fourteenth century which was free of lords and feudal obligations.     

古代北方的水质与民生

水质与民生密切相关,中国南北地理环境不同决定了水质的差异。一般而言,古代南方的日常生活用水以江河湖泉为多,外在"所染"为其水质问题的主要方面;北方民生用水以井水为多,井水自身"所含"的水质问题则较突出,由此而引发的地方病也和南方地区有较大差异。井水咸苦长期困扰北方居民的日常生活,它曾对历史时期北方国都营建产生重要影响,对各级治所的经营也有所制约。水质是生态环境问题也是社会问题,不同时代、地域、阶层对北方水质有不同感知,历经实践浸染与文字流布,这一日常生活的身体实践逐渐演变成为一种知识、观念乃至于文化。     

江右王学的学术传承与地方宗族的乡村实践——以明代中后期安福邹守益家族为例

明中叶以后,江右王门学者广建书院、频繁地举办讲会活动,不但推动了王阳明心学理论的发展,也使学术思想得到传承,并广泛流传于乡村社会。在学术思想草根化过程中,王门学者又将之与地方宗族紧密结合,在加快了宗族内部整合的同时,也使宗族更主动地承担起乡里的责任,如主持地方公共事务、教化乡里,维护乡村社会秩序,甚至为乡村利益而与政府谈判。江右王门的代表人物邹守益及其家族以书院为依托,以讲会为形式,以乡村事务为己任,不仅将学术思想转化为＂化乡＂理念,付诸于乡村社会实践之中;而且整合并凝聚了王门学者团体,成为重要的地方＂清议＂力量。     

建国以来若干军事战略方针探析

50年代中至 60年代末是新中国面临严峻考验的时期 ,我国诸多军事战略方针在这个时期凸显、定型、变化 ,其中有的战略方针一直影响至今。本文简要分析了在这时期制定的具有重大影响的“积极防御”方针、“北顶南放”方针、“诱敌深入”方针、准备“早打、大打、打核战争”方针和“对付四面八方”战略     

新型城镇化过程中农民集中居住研究进展

通过引导农民集中居住,建设小城镇和农村新社区是实现新型城镇化的重要路径之一。因此,农民集中居住成为各地政府重要的政策工具,并逐渐成为理论研究的焦点。在归纳中国农民集中居住研究文献成果分布基础上,从基本概念出发,从农民集中居住发生机制、运行机制、过程中出现的问题、效应评价四方面对研究进展述评。从研究成果、内容和方法三个角度指出目前研究的不足。总结出后续研究的三个迫切方向是农民集中居住需求研究、政府角色定位和社区治理机制创新问题研究、农民集中居住综合效应评价研究。并提出了相应的概念性研究框架。