明清侨寓徽商子弟教育的特色

明清时期,徽商在经商之地侨寓的现象相当普遍,为子弟成名计,徽商及其子弟在侨寓地展开了一系列教育活动,并形成了自己鲜明的特色：教育成效卓著,教育与科举发展存在县份分布上的不平衡;徽商取代士而成为明清侨寓徽商子弟教育机构创办的真正主体;教育理念开放变通等。这既体现了明清的时代特色,也与商人教育的特点相契合。     

Of resilient places: planning for urban resilience

This paper argues that resilience of a place cannot necessarily be associated only with the level of its vulnerability to the environment or security. A place-based perspective to resilience helps understand the capacity of communities to withstand or adapt with change. Resilience of a place does not only refer to contingencies—such as formulating immediate responses to crisis situations or incidents such as earthquakes, floods or other disasters in vulnerable areas—but also considers long-term mitigation and adaptation strategies to face social, economic and environmental challenges. To this purpose, the paper applies an evolutionary resilience framework to the case of Transition towns in the UK as resilient places in terms of their capacity for learning, robustness, ability to innovate and adaptability to change. In conclusion, socially innovative actions and initiatives are found to be a primary source of resilience through bottom-up creativity among communities and stakeholders to help improve social relations, support socio-political empowerment and fulfil the basic needs of the people.     

The role of the past in late medieval hidalgo historical writing and memory

ABSTRACT

This essay is structured around two themes: the writing of history and memory. On the one hand, it analyses the use of the past in Lope García de Salazar's Libro de las buenas andanças e fortunas (1471–5). His approach to history is imbued with nostalgia for a legendary past, and more specifically for a political arrangement between the Lord of Biscay and the lesser nobility (hidalgos) which ensured respect for their privileges. This is set in contrast to a second group of material, legal documentation relating to the town of Escalante in Cantabria. Historically under seigniorial control, the inhabitants created a collective memory that framed a past prior to the fourteenth century which was free of lords and feudal obligations.     

Hong Kong and Macao under Chinese Sovereignty

A team of Hong Kong-based geographers led by a noted specialist provides a comparative overview of Hong Kong and Macao under Chinese sovereignty (respectively, since 1997 and 1999). The authors outline the historical development of both cities, identifying their common legacies as colonial enclaves as well as shared economic experience as autonomous Special Administrative Regions (SARs) under the "one country, two systems" formula devised in Beijing. The paper includes up-to-date statistical information (some through March 2008) on per capita GDP, visitors from Mainland China and from abroad (for both cities), direct investment, employment in financial services, trade and logistics, and tourism (for Hong Kong) as well as revenues from gambling casinos in Macao that are reportedly surpassing those of Las Vegas. Journal of Economic Literature, O16, O18, O20, R11. Classification Numbers: 11 figures, 4 tables, 46 references.     

宋朝遣往辽国的贺岁使节述论

宋朝遣往辽国的使节中贺岁使节是一个非常重要的群体,贺岁使包括生辰使和正旦使.宋统治者为了与辽国维持和平外交,非常重视贺岁使节的选拔,他们主要来自政府官员、社会名流和外戚成员.宋朝贺岁使节在执行宋朝对辽政策,提供辽国的情报以及促进双方文化和经济交流方面起了重要作用.     

毛泽东奠定立国之本的思想理论基础

四项基本原则作为立国之本,是党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线的重要组成部分。毛泽东在领导中国革命和建设的过程中,虽然还没有把四项基本原则作为一个完整的科学概念提出来,但他对中国共产党的领导、党的指导思想、社会主义道路和人民民主专政等立国之本的基本原则以及它们之间的相互关系,都做了许多精辟的阐述,为后来四项基本原则的科学概括奠定了思想理论基础。深入研究毛泽东关于立国之本的丰富思想,对于我们在新的历史条件下坚持四项基本原则,仍有重要的理论和实践意义。     

近代中国科学救国思潮研究综述

新中国成立以来,学术界对近代科学救国思潮的研究经历了两个阶段:一是在建国后至1980年,科学救国思潮被视为资产阶级改良主义的反动思潮而长期受到学界的否定和批判;二是在1980年代以来,学界对科学救国思潮的研究开始转变,逐渐实事求是地、历史地看待科学救国思潮。从主观的评价逐步转到客观的辨析该思潮在近代中国所起的作用上来,开始重新审视科学救国论者的思想和言行。特别是进入21世纪后,研究出现了新的趋势,有学者开始尝试对科学救国思潮的理论体系、科学救国与科教兴国的关系等问题进行探讨。     

古代北方的水质与民生

水质与民生密切相关,中国南北地理环境不同决定了水质的差异。一般而言,古代南方的日常生活用水以江河湖泉为多,外在"所染"为其水质问题的主要方面;北方民生用水以井水为多,井水自身"所含"的水质问题则较突出,由此而引发的地方病也和南方地区有较大差异。井水咸苦长期困扰北方居民的日常生活,它曾对历史时期北方国都营建产生重要影响,对各级治所的经营也有所制约。水质是生态环境问题也是社会问题,不同时代、地域、阶层对北方水质有不同感知,历经实践浸染与文字流布,这一日常生活的身体实践逐渐演变成为一种知识、观念乃至于文化。     

章士钊的“农业文明”论

在五四文化论争中,章士钊抛出“农国论”,认为西方国家因工业文明和物质文明之害已经陷入绝境,中国亦深受工业化之害,趋于沦亡;中国必须以农业立国,摒弃工业化和物质文明,恢复知足、节欲、不争的农国精神和传统道德,才能免于亡国之祸,并担负起拯救西方世界的责任。“农国论”是五四时期文化保守主义的又一种形式,是精神文明论的变种,本质上是道德复古主义。     

朱熹乡村治理思想述论

中国传统社会是一个以农业文明为主的乡村社会,乡村治理问题是中国传统政治中的一个基本问题.朱熹的乡村治理思想是中国古代自秦汉以来乡村治理问题的历史延续.在朱熹乡村治理思想中,既提倡孝敬、乡情、信睦、良善、仁厚等儒家的传统道德规范,又提倡具有强制约束力的法律规章制度,还提倡经济上的发展与救助.其乡村治理理念的实质是为中央集权服务,帮助维护封建统治的基层社会基础,但不可否认的是,在长期的社会实践中,对实现社会稳定、加强邻里团结、消弭和化解乡村矛盾、改进乡村治安方面起了不可忽视的作用.