‘In the best interests of the child’: juggling the geography of children's gardens (between adult agendas and children's needs)

This review paper presents literature, particularly in children's geographies, in support of the proposition that the rationales for the current children's garden movement flourishing particularly in the United States, albeit well-intentioned, continue to be dominated by adult discourses acting ‘in the best interests of the child’. The paper concludes that broadening the debate on ‘children and gardens’ through inclusion of research that focuses on children's competence and empowerment offers a different perspective of what children might want from these spaces. This highlights new directions for research on children's gardens which would focus this garden typology more on children's needs than adult agendas, and therefore contribute positively to development of these gardens as sustainable environments for children's learning and enjoyment of nature.     

基于美丽乡村建设的农户参与生态环境治理行为机制

乡村生态环境治理是美丽乡村乃至美丽中国建设的重要任务,而农户主动参与是乡村生态环境实现根本性治理的关键。本文构建了农户参与生态环境治理行为发生机制研究框架,运用结构方程模型,对农户调查数据进行实证检验,分析了农户参与生态环境治理行为的驱动因素及影响路径。结果表明：(1)农户行为遵循“认知—感知—响应”的发生路径模式,生态环境治理认知是驱动农户行为的基础性变量,生态环境治理感知是认知正向驱动农户行为的中介变量;(2)环境社会资本、环境影响敏感度、农户行为自觉等因素分别是制约生态环境治理认知、生态环境治理感知及生态环境治理响应的主要因素;(3)在美丽乡村建设及生态环境治理过程中,政府发挥了主导性作用,多主体参与的社会监督、社会组织等社会资本建设尚待加强,以农户为中心的多主体参与模式和体制机制有待健全。     

广州市居民环城游憩行为特征研究

本文采用问卷调查的方式,从自然属性、经济属性和文化属性三个方面分析了广州市居民出行目的,并依据第一手资料,从游憩类型、游憩设施两个方面揭示了广州市居民的游憩行为特征。针对广州市目前游憩业在游憩设施、交通、游憩线路、服务质量、观念、政策导向、思维模式等方面存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策,这对于开发广州城市旅游资源、加强城市游憩设施管理与建设、搞好城市规划及构建和谐广州等方面有着重大的理论和实践意义。     

试论态度理论对旅游服务质量的促进作用

旅游业是服务行业,服务态度至关重要。重视态度理论的学习和使用．可给旅游企业的生存和发展带来机会和裨益。     

旅游感知价值和满意度与行为意向的关系

旅游感知价值、满意度测量维度及其与行为意向之间作用路径关系研究,对旅游地产品开发与营销管理有重要的指导意义。学者对旅游感知价值、满意度及其测度内容界定差异比较大,需要进一步厘清。利用文献方法梳理旅游感知价值与满意度概念及其测量维度,剥离感知价值多维测度内容,分析其与满意度间存在的重复测量部分。在探讨测度视角的基础上,界定了旅游地核心产品属性、旅游感知价值及满意度测量维度。以无锡灵山景区为例,在问卷调研获取国内游客行为数据的基础上,利用结构方程模型验证旅游感知价值、满意度的属性构念及其影响路径,指出感知价值分别是满意度和行为意向的前因变量,但满意度不是行为意向的前因变量。     

我国西部地区大学生旅游行为研究——以陕西省为例

大学生是我国旅游市场的一支重要力量。根据2006年4-6月对陕西省七所高校学生旅游行为的问卷调查,对大学生旅游偏好、旅游消费水平、旅游组织方式、旅游空间行为及旅游服务与价格评价进行分析研究。结果表明:大学生普遍喜欢旅游,对自然类风景区更热衷,旅游动机以观光游览、度假休闲为主,旅游时间上表现出较强的集中性,暑假是大学生旅游最集中的时段;陕西大学生平均旅游花费为394元,80%的大学生旅游花费和月均生活总支出在500元以内,旅游花费约占大学生各种生活支出的15%;旅游组织方式呈现出与同学朋友结伴出游为主的小群体出游特征;中短距离的省内旅游是主体,80%的旅游活动在800公里范围以内,较吴曲线略远;大学生对旅游服务质量基本满意,但旅游服务价格相对较贵。     

Mobility, competition, and Plio-Pleistocene hominid foraging groups

Evidence for carcass access times and levels of early hominid mobility is synthesized using studies of carnivore ethology and theories of interspecific competition to arrive at tentative conclusions about the organization of Plio-Pleistocene hominid foraging groups. The model presented suggests that group foraging tactics, in combination with high mobility, are central to successful confrontational scavenging (interference competition), whereas individual foraging tactics and high mobility are central to successful nonconfrontational scavenging (exploitative competition). In contrast, group or individual foraging tactics and low mobility characterize the acquisition of fresh carcasses in low-competition contexts. Individual foraging tactics and low mobility are employed in response to extreme competition over marginal resources. Preliminary tests with data from Bed I Olduvai Gorge and Koobi Fora suggest that Plio-Pleistocene hominids, like other large-bodied predators, employed flexible foraging tactics involving changes in group size and levels of mobility to gain access to carcasses in both low-and high-competition contexts.     

国外博彩旅游研究:进展、脉络和展望

近几十年来,国际旅游学者针对博彩旅游开展研究,研究范围涉及消费者行为、影响和政策等主题,得到许多有益的发现;然而,国内研究对该领域的关注则较少.本文在梳理国外博彩旅游文献的基础上,按照主题对文献内容进行分析总结,研究发现:(1) 博彩行为和博彩影响研究最受重视,研究方法以定量为主,研究理论涉及社会学、管理学和经济学等多学科;(2) 博彩行为研究中,不同类型博彩者行为研究和中国博彩者行为研究备受关注;(3) 博彩影响研究中,关键变量的识别、关键模型的构建对于未来进一步深化研究有重要作用.     

New Titanium Connectors for the Columns Capitals of the Classical Temple of Apollo Epikourios

The columns of monumental buildings in ancient Greece were provided with a pair of timber “empolia” (plugs) and a “pole” (pin), at interfaces between stone members (drums, capital). In order to reinstate this connection system, in columns capitals that were repaired, during the ongoing restoration of the classical temple of Apollo Epikourios (Greece), new poles and empolia made of titanium were installed. The titanium elements were designed to have similar shape and shear strength to the estimated respective characteristics of the ancient poles and empolia. Moreover, their effect on the seismic behaviour of the temple columns was numerically investigated. The investigation showed that, within the range of strong earthquakes which are anticipated in the area of the monument, the installation of a single pole at the interface between the capital and the uppermost drum leads to limited reduction of the expected maximum and residual deformations of the column, without altering significantly the main characteristics of its rocking response. Furthermore, poles located at every column interface ensures significant limitation of the column residual deformations. Prior to implementation of the titanium poles and empolia, the main aspects of their design were verified through specially designed experiments.     

Culturally clustered or in the cloud? How amenities drive firm location decision in Berlin

Creative firms are neither capital‐ nor land‐intensive in production. They predominantly rely on creative and specialized labor and, assuming a strong competition for workers, are therefore increasingly dependent on the location of their (potential) employees. If these creative and highly qualified employees are attracted by consumption amenities such as bars, clubs, and restaurants, then it follows that these same amenities may determine the location of creative service firms. I investigate this hypothesis by examining whether Berlin Internet start‐up firms locate in urban amenity‐rich places. Identification builds on the fall of the Berlin Wall. A 1 percent increase in amenity density raises the probability of a start‐up location by almost 2 percent. A comparison with other service industries suggests that amenities are significant to the location choice of creative sectors, whereas no effect can be observed for nonreative firms.