谈“树”的文化功能——顾恺之《洛神赋》与砖画《竹林七贤》中“树”的比较

从文化功能学而论顾恺之《洛神赋》中的“树”具有审美的情感表达功能,而砖画《竹林七贤》中的“树”具有祭祀的崇拜功能,二者处于不同的文化功能系统。魏晋南北朝时期绘画中“树”的文化功能的扩展是文人士大夫追求自我价值实现和生命意义的结果。     

How reliable are our published archaeometric analyses? Effects of analytical techniques through time on the elemental analysis of obsidians

To assess the analytical accuracies and precisions of archaeometric elemental analyses by different techniques, a relatively homogeneous material such as obsidian must be studied. An assessment of published elemental concentration data from two Anatolian obsidian sources shows that while in most cases analytical accuracy is as high as is commonly expected, in some cases it is not. It also shows that the dispersions of elemental concentration data (indicators of analytical precisions) coming from modern analytical procedures are akin to the estimated homogeneity of the obsidian. Based on this latter observation, if one has element dispersion data from a single analytical technique, with a single source of obsidian as a control, data sets that contain multiple, but similar sources of obsidian may be differentiated.     

前工业社会中的城市市场结构与市场导向的商业化

市场和商业化是中国和英格兰等许多前工业社会的常见现象 ,但在中国 ,农村市场结构和自给型商业化长期处于主导地位 ,没有像英格兰那样在中世纪晚期和现代早期转变为城市市场结构和市场导向的商业化。市场结构的性质对两国早期现代化过程中商业化的发展路径 ,提供了截然不同的体制性角色     

济南与南京城市发展的比较与启示

目前,我国城市化进程已经进入快速发展的轨道,城市的健康发展对于我国全面建设小康社会、实现新世纪的强国之梦具有重大意义。但城市发展战略模式的不同会带来最终结果的显著差异。文章通过对济南和南京两个城市发展的长时间、多因子的深层次比较,阐述了在区位、自然条件、发展基础、发展契机等基本条件相似的情况下,两个城市在经济发展质量、城市建设、外向型经济、社会事业等方面的差异。根据分析结果和城市化发展规律,提出在新世纪初期为避免我国大城市发展可能出现的战略性失误,需要妥善处理质与量、表与里、古与新、城与乡四大关系,即城市经济应以质为主,质量融合;城市建设应以人为本,表里统一;城市形象应以特为先,古新交融;城乡一体应以城带乡,城乡互补。     

南京东路商业步行街消费者行为变化研究——2001年与2007年的比较

本文通过比较2001年与2007年消费者行为数据,揭示出6年间南京东路消费者行为特征的变化。消费者属性的变化主要在于:消费者的年龄年轻化;居住地非本地化;整体收入水平略降低。消费者非空间活动的变化有:观光旅游休闲目的的消费者增多;路上时间明显缩短;消费者总体收入水平升高,但总开支降低;平均消费额降低,零消费比重增大,中高消费比例明显减少,年轻人的平均花费减少。消费者空间活动特征的变化主要在于:主要入口由原来的两个新增为三个;步行街西端总消费额和总人流密集的"三角区"消失,密集中心向中部转移;人均消费额的空间分布呈均质化态势;人均消费最高的地块从专业商店所在地块,转移到百货公司所在地块。本文最后通过变化系统分析图总结了消费者行为变化及其与宏观商业背景变化之间的关系。     

The geography of religions: Comparing Buddhist and Taoist sacred mountains in China

Increasing attention has been given to geographical contributions to cultural heritage in religion. However, comparative quantitative research remains scarce. As a first attempt, this study presents findings from comparative spatial and statistical analyses of the geographical distribution and features of mountains in China sacred in Taoism and Buddhism. Because both have strong orientations to natural environments, we find more similarities than differences between them, even though the two religions have different origins, philosophies, and doctrines. The results empirically support the influences of Taoism on Buddhism in China, findings that supplement current understandings of Buddhism in China in terms of the geographical dynamics of integration and sinicisation of Chinese culture. The findings also enrich current debates, including in this journal, emphasising the importance of environmental symbols in studies on geography and religion. Connecting humanity with physical geography in light of the changes, including grief, being wrought in the Anthropocene, we hope to inspire more geographically grounded and methodologically eclectic studies on religions.     

Determinants of mediation success in post-conflict Bosnia: a focused comparison

The main goal of this study is to look at factors determining mediation success in post-conflict environments. More specifically, the authors focus on the level of involvement of the mediator in a post-conflict setting and argue that relational mediation strategies should fare better in such environments. A most similar systems comparison of the European Union/USA and Turkish mediation efforts in Bosnia–Herzegovina, both of which started in October 2009, renders support for the authors’ argument. Their analysis of these two cases suggests that Turkey's relational mediation strategy delivered concrete outcomes in post-Dayton Bosnia compared to the structural intervention style adopted by the European Union/USA. The authors conclude that a relational mediation strategy facilitates the achievement of constructive solutions by helping third parties to make broader assessments of the conflict situation, and by offering flexible options in issue selection and process design.     

试论台湾与大陆方志的传承关系——以清代安徽与台湾方志的比较为例

方志比较研究是认识方志地位、价值的一种重要方法。本文以清代安徽与台湾为例,比较分析了台湾方志与大陆方志之间的传承渊源与密切关系。认为,清朝时期台湾所修方志跟中国大陆是一个体系,无论是修志宗旨,还是体式与编纂方法,在大陆方志体系中都能找到其源流。     

我国出境旅游发展水平的国际比较研究

出境旅游市场是我国当前三大旅游市场中增长最快的市场,对出境旅游发展水平与阶段的正确认识是理论研究与政策实践的基础。基于全球44个主要的国际旅游客源国家与地区的1980年至2004年出境旅游及相关数据,本文采用截面回归与面板数据模型进行的研究发现：随着人均GDP与人均国民总收入的增长,一国的出境旅游率将会呈现指数形态的上升,在现价美元16000元左右将会出现出境旅游的爆发性增长;但一国的出境旅游率存在大国效应,人口规模与出境旅游率呈负相关关系;研究结果还显示,只有经济发展到达一定阶段后,经济增长速度对出境旅游增长的影响才会明显表现出来。     

关于元杂剧《灰阑记》的来源问题

《灰阑记》引起了世界的关注,国内有学论及了它的来源和世界性影响问题,这有意义。但学关于《灰阑记》题材来源的说法是不正确的。《灰阑记》虽在内容上与佛教、基督教、伊斯兰教所记的故事有相似之处,但李行道却不是从这三个宗教故事中取材。一,三个宗教虽在唐代以前就传入中国,但其时除了佛教有关故事已翻译过来以外,其他两个同类故事是不是已经翻译过来,难以确定;二．李行道是中国的隐士,不是宗教信徒,他受中国传统化的影响,《风俗通义》是宋元习见之书,他见到的可能性更大;三,元杂剧创作中普遍存在着吸取历史故事、小说等材料进行创作的倾向．李行道所在的平阳是当时杂剧创作的中心之一,他当然会受到这个倾向的影响。因此,我们认为,他是从中国本土的故事受到启发,创作了《灰阑记》。中国本土故事就是见载于《风俗通义》中的黄霸断两妇人争子的故事。《灰阑记》的故事情节、宗旨．与之极为一致。世界几种化中都存在着《灰阑记》式的故事,这一情形值得深入研究。用比较的方法研究中外化及学的相互影响及异同,是有意义的,但应注重事实,不应轻言袭用而贬低一个民族创造化的努力和对世界化的贡献。