从台湾社会的发展看台湾留美运动的兴衰

战后台湾留学生运动的兴起、发展及衰落 ,与台湾现代化的萌芽、发展与成熟息息相关。 1 95 0年代至 1 960年代 ,台湾经济筚路蓝缕 ,到先进国家留学 ,成为一代青年的最高愿望。同时 ,台湾与美国经济发展的巨大悬殊使留美学生很容易做出滞留不归的抉择。从 1 970年代台湾开始经济起飞 ,到 1 980年代台湾完全脱贫致富 ,台湾留学生经济状况改善。同时 ,从 1 980年代起 ,美国劳工市场的不景气与台湾社会经济的发展吸引一部分留美学生返台工作。到 1 990年代 ,留美学生的返台率进一步提高 ,反映了台湾经济进入国际中心 ,劳工人才开始流向台湾。 1 990年代后期 ,留学美国运动开始衰落 ,许多台湾青年不再视留学为“正途”。这一现象不仅体现了台湾学术研究水平的提高 ,本土培养的研究人员已具有国际竞争力 ,也反映了台湾经济国际化、信息化的开始     

论近代留美学生促进中国科技发展的途径和方法

在中国近代科技发展史中,留美学生通过对中国科技体制化的建构、引进与传播自然科学知识和基础学科新成果、引进与应用近代科学研究方法、倡行科学精神、培养科技人才等多种途径和方法,传播了近代西方科技,促进了中国科技的发展,当之无愧地成为中国科技发展的主导力量,这是其它留学生群体无法比拟的。     

Spaces of labour control: comparative perspectives from Southeast Asia

This paper seeks to identify the spatialized dimensions of labour control in sites of rapid and recent industrialization in Southeast Asia. Using a comparative analysis of locations in Penang (Malaysia), Batam (Indonesia) and Cavite/Laguna (the Philippines), it is argued that the construction and control of space has been used to enhance control over the working body, and, in particular, to contain labour organization, unionization and collective bargaining. Three broader arguments are made. First, that labour geographies need to be cognizant of the spatialized politics of labour beyond a narrow focus on the trade union movement. Second, that space is a potent tool in labour control and must be explicitly considered alongside the identity–based control strategies and institutional structures that have usually informed studies of labour regimes in newly industrializing contexts. Finally, a comparative perspective on local labour markets, and control regimes in particular, shows that the ways in which space is constructed and controlled differs between contexts, implying that universal judgements on the relevance or importance of particular arenas or spaces for labour politics should be reserved.     

美国会展管理教育及其对我国的启示

本在对美国和我国会展管理教育状况进行客观分析与比较的基础上,指出了美国会展管理教育中可资借鉴的地方以及我国相关领域中存在的问题,并据此提出了构建我国会展管理教育框架体系的原则性构想。     

比较视野中的旅游专业教育教学定位

旅游高等教育存在的诸多问题都与专业定位不清晰有关。本文通过对美国、欧洲、日本等国家及地区相近专业的比较分析,在旅游管理专业与旅游专业、职业导向与学科导向的辨析中,提出我国旅游专业科学合理及可行的定位。     

中国6大热点城市入境旅游消费结构比较研究

本文以北京、上海、广州等中国6大旅游热点城市为研究对象,收集1995—2004年的相关统计数据,引入旅游消费结构高级化指数β,对6城市的入境旅游消费结构进行横向及纵向比较研究,得出如下结论：（1）一个地区的旅游消费结构由包括地区总体发展状况、消费水平、旅游产品类型等在内的多种因素决定,因此,不能孤立地、绝对地以旅游消费结构（以β值反映）为指标来衡量地区旅游产业的成熟度,而应对其进行动态的考察;（2）一个地区旅游消费结构的变化（β值变化）与地区旅游业的发展通常呈现一定的正相关性,一个地区的β线对地区旅游业发展具有重要的指示作用;（3）旅游消费结构的演变状况（β值的变化）在一定程度上既反映了地区宏观背景所提供给旅游业的发展后劲,也反映了旅游业对地区其它产业的相关带动作用。     

Crossing Boundaries: Diplomacy and the Global Dimension, 1700–1850

Abstract

This is a comment on the contributions to this special issue (‘Intercultural Diplomacies’) structured around the interactions of cultural zones across Eurasia, the role of intermediaries and networks, and, finally, processes of change 1700–1850.     

晚清首批留德军事学生再考--以《李星使来去信》为中心的考察

光绪二年,七名淮军军官受李鸿章派遣赴德留学。北京大学图书馆所藏《李星使来去信》对此有着详实的记载。七名学生中,卞长胜与朱耀彩因品行不良提前回国,余者虽完成了学业,但所学非常有限,后来也大多没有晋升到较高的职位上。此次留学没有达到预期目标,症结在于学生个人素养不足,集中表现为德语水平低下。     

Urban experimentation and institutional arrangements

ABSTRACT

Currently little is known about how institutional arrangements co-evolve with urban experimentation. This paper mobilizes neo-institutional literature and recent urban experimentation literature as a framework to explore how and why institutional arrangements differ across urban contexts. Empirically the paper focusses on smart city initiatives in Amsterdam, Hamburg and Ningbo. These three cities are frontrunners in adopting a comprehensive smart city agenda, but they do so in different ways. The paper examines regulative, normative and cognitive elements of institutional arrangements, explores how they shape experimentation, and reflects on their place-based specificities. The comparative analysis suggests that the focus of, and approach to, experimentation can be understood as resting in a (possibly unique) combination of strategic agency and dynamics at multiple spatial scales.     

Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus (1776–1827) on Gall’s craniognomic system,zoology, and comparative anatomy

ABSTRACT

Most of what was known about Franz Joseph Gall’s (1758–1828) organology or Schädellehre prior to the 1820s came from secondary sources, including letters from correspondents, promotional materials, brief newspaper articles about his lecture-demonstrations, and editions and translations of some lengthier works of varying quality in German. Physician Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus (1776–1827) practiced in Vienna’s General Hospital in 1797–1798; attended some of Gall’s public lectures; and, in 1801–1802, became one of the first physicians to provide detailed reports on Gall’s emerging organology in French and English, respectively. Although Bojanus considered the human mind to be indivisible and did not entirely agree with Gall’s assumption that the brain consists of a number of independent organs responsible for various faculties, he provided valuable information and thoughtful commentary on Gall’s views. Furthermore, he defended Gall against the charge that his sort of thinking would lead to materialism and cautiously predicted that the new system would be fruitful for developing and stimulating important new research about the brain and mind. Bojanus became a professor of zoology in 1806 and a professor of comparative anatomy in 1814 at Vilnius University, where, among other accomplishments, he established himself as a founder of modern veterinary medicine and a pioneer of pre-Darwinian and pre-Lamarckian evolutionism.