Iron-57 Mössbauer spectral studies of medieval stained glass

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectral data for six excavated and two simulated medieval stained glass samples are reported. Iron-containing precipitates are observed in the two simulated medieval glasses and are responsible for the amber colour of these samples. The ferrous/ferric ratio of the other samples is dependent on the glass composition and glass making conditions. The green glasses are associated with the presence of both ferrous and ferric iron, the ratio being very similar in three of the glasses studied, while in the purple and emerald green glasses the iron which is constitutionally incorporated in the glass is solely in the ferric oxidation state. The UVvisible spectra of some of the glasses are used to assist in interpretation of the colourant action of iron, and the role of Mössbauer spectroscopy in linking separate glass fragments with a common source is also indicated.     

重庆大足大佛湾彩绘绿色和蓝绿色颜料的分析研究

为了确定重庆大足大佛湾彩绘含铜、砷元素的绿色及蓝绿色颜料显色成分,应用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、便携式显微镜等无损调查方法,结合X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDX)、X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)、显微拉曼光谱仪(RM)等分析方法,对取自大佛湾塑像的绿色及蓝绿色颜料进行调查和分析。结果表明绿色颜料显色成分为为巴黎绿,蓝绿色颜料显色成分为氯砷钠铜石[NaCaCu₅(AsO₄)₄Cl·5H₂O]。根据研究结论推断,氯砷钠铜石可能为巴黎绿的变色产物。该结果为探讨近代人工合成颜料变色机理提供了新的线索和方法。     

克孜尔石窟出土蓝色颜料研究

克孜尔石窟是蜚声中外的佛教艺术宝库,其丰富的历史文化遗存,是研究丝绸之路文化交流与融合的重要实物资料。为了解克孜尔石窟第189窟前发现的蓝色颜料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)对其成分进行分析,采用拉曼、扫描电镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)将其与第189窟壁画蓝色样品的元素组成及物相进行对比,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、透射傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对其可能含有的胶结材料进行分析。结果表明,该出土蓝色颜料样品为青金石,胶结材料为植物胶。研究表明,通过多种分析手段联合使用,可以更全面、客观地了解分析对象的各种信息,为今后克孜尔石窟壁画制作材料及制作工艺的分析提供经验和借鉴。     

14世纪以前钴蓝在西亚和中国的运用——兼谈元青花的产生

本文探讨了14世纪以前钴蓝釉料在西亚和中国的使用情况,指出钴蓝在西亚有着悠久的使用传统,出于对青金石的崇尚,钴蓝釉料被广泛运用在模仿青佥石色彩的人工制品上,主要包括釉面砖、玻璃、陶器等。而在14世纪以前的中国,钴蓝釉料的使用出现较晚,运用也缺乏普遍性、延续性。通过西亚和中国情况的对比,笔者对元青花在14世纪得以突然勃兴的原因．提出了新的见解。     

Characterization and source of Cucuteni black pigment (Romania): vibrational spectrometry and XRD study

A multi-technique characterization and a provenance study of the black pigment used in Cucuteni pottery painting (Neolithic age, Romania) were carried out. 127 Cucuteni shards were analyzed by Raman spectrometry. The main components of this pigment are pyrolusite and/or jacobsite. Hematite and quartz are frequent minor components and Ti oxides were seldom found. The manganiferous corpuscles discovered at Neam? county (eastern part of Romania) were the raw material of the Cucuteni black pigment. The Mn corpuscles were studied using XRD, Raman, FT-IR and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The main components are birnessite, goethite and frequently, quartz. Raw material was subjected to a temperature of 750 °C for 6 h and,once cooled, analyzed through Raman and FT-IR spectrometry. Pyrolusite, hematite and quartz were found in the heated powder sample.     

鲁迅《无题（洞庭木落楚天高）》诗“涴”字义辨

鲁迅旧体诗《(洞庭木落楚天高)》七绝,自鲁迅逝世70年以来,我国鲁迅研究学界对这首诗的诠释,一直争论不休,各执其辞,各圆其说,至今未能达到统一的认识,本文作者认为,多年争论的焦点不应在“诗本事”上,而应在对诗中关键词句——“眉黛猩红涴战袍”的正确理解上,只有读通了诗的词句,才能考证出“诗本事”。作者不厌其烦的以训诂的方式,从古今20多位著名诗人的诗词中,考证出他们所用“涴”字的确切意义,从而证实了与《无题》诗中所用“涴”字的意义完全相同。