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11.
Michael Morrison 《Archaeology in Oceania》2013,48(2):78-91
Albatross Bay, near Weipa on western Cape York Peninsula, is well known for the large number of anthropogenic late Holocene shell mound sites that occur in the region. Recent research on shell mound formation and use both here and elsewhere across northern Australia has focused upon the extent to which mound formation may have been tied to intensive use of periodically available gluts of the intertidal bivalve Anadara granosa. This paper explores whether such a model applies in the Albatross Bay region, drawing on data available from 477 shell matrix sites recorded in this region. Data on site size, morphology, composition, substrate type, proximity to contemporary shorelines and shell mound chronology support a model of Aboriginal people episodically and strategically targeting a highly variable niche estuarine resource base rather than intensively focusing on one species. It is proposed that these production strategies were characterised by a high degree of flexibility in terms of resource focus, at times involving a considerable emphasis on A. granosa, but also incorporating other estuarine resources, and that the level or intensity of production was able to be scaled up or down in line with resource availability and abundance. This production system was based upon nuanced knowledge of annual and intra‐annual ecosystem dynamics along with social organisation and communication networks that facilitated a high degree of flexibility around the strategic exploitation of variable estuarine resource bases. 相似文献
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This paper describes the hitherto unreported occurrence of mid‐Holocene mangrove deposits in the Richmond River estuary, southeastern Australia, thereby providing evidence for changes in the distribution and composition of mangrove communities within a subtropical estuarine system during the Holocene. Stratigraphic, radiocarbon and palynological evidence indicates that widespread development of mangrove communities took place in the upstream reaches of the Richmond River estuary during the period 7000 to 6000 years BP. These communities maintained their habitat through substrate aggradation under the conditions of a moderate sea‐level rise, in contrast to other estuaries within the region, which generally experienced the submergence of intertidal substrates. Mangrove species belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae, most likely Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, dominated these communities, in strong contrast to contemporary communities, which are dominated by Avicennia marina. Moreover, these mid‐Holocene communities were located a considerable distance upstream of the contemporary occurrences of Rhizophoraceae species within the estuary. The changes in the spatial distribution and composition of mangrove communities parallel the large‐scale evolution of the estuary driven by sea‐level variation. Shallow, buried Pleistocene terraces probably contributed to the regionally unique aggradational response of the mangrove communities and their substrates to a sea‐level rise during mid‐Holocene times. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Field explorations at the newly recorded Hakaea Beach site, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands were spread across a 12,500 m2 area on the western coastal flat. The site's geomorphic and cultural history is reconstructed based on nine strata and ten radiocarbon determinations. The Hakaea record illustrates the range of powerful environmental processes, including sea level fall, climate change, tsunamis, and tropical storm surges, which have operated on Marquesan shorelines for the last 800 years, and the ease with which past human activity can be obscured or erased. The results highlight the need to systematically search for protected coastal contexts and geomorphic settings where older surfaces might be preserved. Radiocarbon assemblages from the 13th century Hakaea Beach site and seven other early Marquesan sites are considered in light of three models of East Polynesian dispersal: 1) Leap‐frog; 2) Stepping‐stone; and 3) Advancing Wave. Along with chronometrics, the processes and mechanisms which might account for regional patterns of mobility and settlement are emphasized. The Marquesan record is unique amongst central East Polynesian archipelagos in the number of pre‐14th century sites, a pattern that might relate to the antiquity of human settlement, and one which should be considered alongside the late Holocene sea level record. 相似文献
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河口港城市形态演变的分析研究——兼论宁波城市形态的历史演变及发展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该文在对港口城市形态的影响因素的分析基础上,提出了港口城市形态的演变机制和河口港城市形态的演变规律。并且通过对宁波城市形态历史演变的实证分析,结合宁波城市发展的战略目标,提出了宁波城市形态的合理发展趋势。 相似文献
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邵作舟是晚清维新派著名人物之一,由于面世资料稀少而零散,学术界对这位徽州人物缺少系统而深入的研究。随着近些年来邵作舟更多手稿的出版,邵作舟思想的历史地位也逐渐被学界所认识,他在政治、哲学、经济、军事、文论等多个领域颇有建树和创见。 相似文献
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刘铭传以武将而跻身于封疆大吏之列,其一生之建树重在“事功”而非“理论”。正因为如此,他虽然也曾就海防及其相关问题有过全面系统的论说,但其认识水平显然不及同时代之佼佼者。关于台湾在中国海防中的战略地位,他也是在领导抗法保台、建台的过程中逐步加深认识的,并以首任台湾巡抚之地位不遗余力地将其思想主张付诸实践,开创了包括海防在内的台湾近代化新局面。刘铭传加速台湾建设、加强台湾海防的初衷是为了抵御日本的侵略,不料数年之后,台湾竞因北洋海防的崩溃而落入日本之手。这绝不是刘铭传个人的悲哀,实乃国家民族之大悲剧。 相似文献
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Abstract This special issue is presented as a thematic issue devoted to tropical coastal and island tourism. Included in the issue are articles on (eco)tourism in Madagascar, collaboration theory and tourism partnership models on an Indonesian island, development pressure and resilience on a Malaysian island, a survey of cruise passengers in Colombia, perception and limits to development in Costa Rica, and perception and reality on Pitcairn Island. Placed within theoretical or conceptual frameworks, these case studies can be applied to development challenges of tropical coastal and island destinations worldwide. 相似文献