Collaborative Networks for Effective Ecosystem‐Based Management: A Set of Working Hypotheses

Ecosystem‐based management (EBM) represents a comprehensive approach to better govern the environment that also illustrates the collaborative trend in policy and public administration. The need for stakeholder involvement and collaboration is strongly articulated, yet how and for what purposes collaboration would be effective remains largely untested. We address this gap by developing and evaluating a set of hypotheses specifying how certain patterns of collaborations among actors affect their joint ability to accomplish EBM. Content analyses of management plans drawn from five EBM planning processes in Sweden are combined with analyses of the collaborative networks through which these plans have been developed. Our results indicate that system thinking and the ability to integrate across different management phases are favored by collaborations between different kinds of actors, and by project leaders being centrally located in the networks. We also find that dense substructures of collaboration increase the level of specificity in the plans in regards to explicating constraints on human activities. Having many collaborative ties does however not enhance the overall level of specificity. Our results also show that different network characteristics can give rise to similar EBM outcomes. This observed equifinality suggests there is no single blueprint for well‐performing collaborative networks.     

开埠初期闽浙沿海的海盗活动初探

海盗作为沿海地区一种常见的历史现象,在不同的历史时期往往呈现不同的表现形式,其产生原因和发展过程亦因历史条件的变化而各异.本文主要集中于目前史学界较少涉猎的开埠初期的海盗活动,力图复原历史原貌,探究本期海盗活动的特点和成因,提出鸦片走私贸易是海盗行为盛行的直接诱因,中外双方的联合和先进船只的运用在对海盗的搜剿中起了重要作用.     

Mid‐Holocene Development of Mangrove Communities Featuring Rhizophoraceae and Geomorphic Change in the Richmond River Estuary,New South Wales,Australia

This paper describes the hitherto unreported occurrence of mid‐Holocene mangrove deposits in the Richmond River estuary, southeastern Australia, thereby providing evidence for changes in the distribution and composition of mangrove communities within a subtropical estuarine system during the Holocene. Stratigraphic, radiocarbon and palynological evidence indicates that widespread development of mangrove communities took place in the upstream reaches of the Richmond River estuary during the period 7000 to 6000 years BP. These communities maintained their habitat through substrate aggradation under the conditions of a moderate sea‐level rise, in contrast to other estuaries within the region, which generally experienced the submergence of intertidal substrates. Mangrove species belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae, most likely Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, dominated these communities, in strong contrast to contemporary communities, which are dominated by Avicennia marina. Moreover, these mid‐Holocene communities were located a considerable distance upstream of the contemporary occurrences of Rhizophoraceae species within the estuary. The changes in the spatial distribution and composition of mangrove communities parallel the large‐scale evolution of the estuary driven by sea‐level variation. Shallow, buried Pleistocene terraces probably contributed to the regionally unique aggradational response of the mangrove communities and their substrates to a sea‐level rise during mid‐Holocene times.     

新信息环境下西部图书馆文献保障体系模式的发展创新

信息技术的飞速发展为人类创造了一个全新的网络环境,促使图书馆资源建设和发展模式发生了深刻变革。本文从分析西部图书馆用户需求的新特点和图书馆服务现状入手,探讨新信息环境下西部图书馆信息资源建设工作的改进模式与文献保障体系。     

The Agote Map of Hainan Island,China: A Case Study for Cultural Dialogue in Eighteenth-Century Cartography

The idea of cartography as an example of Western imposition or process of cultural transfer is one that has long fascinated scholars interested in the margins of empires. This article analyses the maps in the possession of Manuel Agote, a Spanish factor in Canton at the end of the eighteenth century. The focus is on the use made by Agote of a Chinese map of Hainan, together with the European maps available already in China for commercial interests, and the way this reflects the cultural dialogue that was operating among local and foreign cartographers engaged in similar European mapping activities in the region.     

邵作舟思想的历史地位与研究现状

邵作舟是晚清维新派著名人物之一,由于面世资料稀少而零散,学术界对这位徽州人物缺少系统而深入的研究。随着近些年来邵作舟更多手稿的出版,邵作舟思想的历史地位也逐渐被学界所认识,他在政治、哲学、经济、军事、文论等多个领域颇有建树和创见。     

河口港城市形态演变的分析研究——兼论宁波城市形态的历史演变及发展

该文在对港口城市形态的影响因素的分析基础上,提出了港口城市形态的演变机制和河口港城市形态的演变规律。并且通过对宁波城市形态历史演变的实证分析,结合宁波城市发展的战略目标,提出了宁波城市形态的合理发展趋势。     

科技创新是西部少数民族地区全面建设小康社会的第一推动力

科技创新作为科学技术中最活跃、最革命的因素,是科技进步的前提和核心．是西部少数民族地区全面建设小康社会的火车头和第一推动力。西部少数民族地区必须通过科技创新,调整发展思路,转变生产方式,培育新的优势;必须依靠科技创新,抢占发展的制高点,提高综合竞争力,促进西部少数民族地区全面小康社会建设,构建和谐社会。     

New Perspectives on Tropical Coastal and Island Tourism Development

Abstract

This special issue is presented as a thematic issue devoted to tropical coastal and island tourism. Included in the issue are articles on (eco)tourism in Madagascar, collaboration theory and tourism partnership models on an Indonesian island, development pressure and resilience on a Malaysian island, a survey of cruise passengers in Colombia, perception and limits to development in Costa Rica, and perception and reality on Pitcairn Island. Placed within theoretical or conceptual frameworks, these case studies can be applied to development challenges of tropical coastal and island destinations worldwide.