宁明花山岩画区危岩体稳定研究

花山岩画区的危岩体的存在严重危及古岩画的保存和游客的安全,使得旅游业遭到重创。为了对区内危岩体状态做出评价,并为其后期治理工程提供依据,通过对岩画区的环境地质条件和病害成因的调查,结合危岩体的形态和结构特征,分析得出了区内危岩体崩塌破坏的三种模式为倾倒式崩塌、错断式崩塌和拉裂式崩塌,并提出了不同破坏模式的力学模型。应用极限平衡法对不同破坏模式的危岩体进行了稳定性计算分析,得出区内危岩体大部分处于欠稳定状态,须进行治理。最后提出了危岩体的防治原则与措施。     

光导纤维光谱技术无损鉴定彩绘文物颜料的研究

为了克服传统的有损文物分析技术对文物造成的破坏,研制出一种简易光导纤维反射光谱仪。建立了光导纤维反射光谱技术对颜料分析鉴定的基本方法,提供了一种简捷的文物颜料无损分析鉴定的新技术。通过对西安、重庆等地彩绘文物颜料成分的鉴定,表明光导纤维反射光谱法测量结果准确、可靠,在文物颜料鉴定等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

海峡西岸旅游产业结构布局现状评析与调整对策

海峡西岸旅游产业在全国和亚太地区占有重要地位,旅游产业结构布局的调整有重大意义.当前海峡西岸旅游产业偏重观光游览,旅游投入偏少;偏重自然景观,旅游文化发掘不够;偏重旅行消费,旅游六要素不完备;偏重旅游旺季,时间上经营不平衡;偏重低级竞争,市场无序现象还比较严重.旅游产业布局存在旅游集散地与目的地错位、星散布局缺乏整合、重复布局分散客流、单体布局缺乏联系等问题.海峡西岸旅游产业结构布局调整应集中精力抓准重点,延长产业链,设计旅游精品,调整布局构建多级布局体系.     

Neither ‘America’ nor ‘Québec’: constructing the Canadian multicultural nation

ABSTRACT. Although researchers have deconstructed the myth of stark social differences between the various North American sub‐societies, an assimilating American melting pot and an ethnically oppressive monocultural Québec are still popular representations within Canadian majority discourses, such as the English‐language mainstream media and parts of academia. In this paper, I argue that images of ‘America’ and ‘Québec’ play important roles for the multicultural reconstruction of Canadian nationhood. Examining selected op‐ed articles from two Toronto‐based mainstream newspapers during the 1990s, I develop and exemplify a theoretical understanding of how national identities are constituted and transformed within inter‐ and intra‐national relations of power and alterity. I pay special attention to the particularisation of Canada through the confrontation with American nationhood, the ambiguities of recognising the distinctiveness of Québec inside Canada, and the consequences of projecting Québec's supposedly ‘ethnic’ nationalism outside the boundaries of Canadianness.     

Morphological Characteristics of Healthy and Osteoarthritic Joint Surfaces in Archaeological Skeletons

Osteoarthritis is a major health concern in living populations, as well as being one of the most common pathological lesions identified in the archaeological record. The aetiology of the disease remains unclear, with a multi‐factorial influence of physical strain, age, genetics, and obesity. Previous studies have identified a relationship between the presence of knee osteoarthritis on the distal femoral joint and the morphology of the intercondylar notch, patellar groove, and medial condyle. The current study expands this research to investigate the relationship between distal femoral, distal humeral, and proximal ulnar joint morphology and osteoarthritis with 3D shape analysis techniques. These methods provide a more detailed analysis of joint morphology in order to determine any relationship between 3D shape and osteoarthritis. The results indicate a complex relationship between joint shape and knee osteoarthritis, with eburnated right femora showing a statistically significant association. The shapes associated with eburnated or affected femoral joints can be explained by osteophyte development, and therefore likely represent systematic shape changes and not a particular joint shape predisposing individuals to the condition. There was no identifiable relationship found in the proximal ulna or distal humerus, indicating that joint shape is unlikely to influence the development of the condition in the elbow joint and that any shape changes produced by osteoarthritis are not systematic or quantifiable. The joints analysed in this study were highly influenced by asymmetry, sexual dimorphism, and allometry, resulting in a small sample size of affected joints in many datasets. Further analyses of large skeletal samples are needed to more thoroughly investigate the possible relationship of distal femoral joint shape and osteoarthritis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stable Isotopic Evidence of Ancient Maya Diet at Caledonia,Cayo District,Belize

The skeletal remains of 18 individuals interred at the ancient Maya site of Caledonia (100 to 1000 C.E.), located in the Cayo District of Belize, w ere sampled for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in order to reconstruct their diet. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in 18 bone collagen samples and stable carbon isotope ratios in bioapatite from 15 bone and 6 tooth enamel samples were assessed. Small sample sizes precluded the assessment of dietary variation with respect to age, sex, social status or time period among the Caledonia Maya. However, the sampled individuals consumed a varied diet consisting of maize, supplemented with some C₃ plants, terrestrial herbivores and/or lower order freshwater resources such as snails and molluscs and possibly maize‐fed animals. This dietary variability with an emphasis on maize is unsurprising given the biological diversity surrounding the site and the known importance of this crop to the ancient Maya. As expected, the isotopic values from Caledonia are similar to those from nearby sites from similar time periods. However, four individuals exhibit a marine dietary signature, possibly indicating inland trade of marine resources from coastal sites, or the migration of coastal people to Caledonia. This study demonstrates the validity of sampling small, fragmented collections from minor Maya centres in order to gain valuable insight into ancient Maya dietary practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆阿勒泰地区早期铁器时代铜器的科学分析研究

阿勒泰地区位于新疆的最北端,与欧亚草原之间存在丰富的文化交流,而冶金技术的发展与人类文明紧密相关,为探究新疆阿勒泰地区的冶金发展情况,选取9件草原游牧文化的代表性器物——铜鍑和马具,使用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪及双通道电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,对16个样品进行金相组织分析和成分分析,并探讨其制作技术特征。研究发现阿勒泰地区的早期铁器时代铜器普遍采用范铸工艺,其成分主要为红铜、砷铜、铅砷青铜。该分析结果为研究新疆阿勒泰地区的冶金发展提供了重要参考。     

Multi-element analysis for dietary reconstruction at a balearic Iron Age site

The number of studies using trace elements as indicators of diet has increased with time, but the majority have used few elements and a small sample. The present study has as a principal objective a multi-element analysis of diet in a large sample in which diagenetic changes have been shown to be unimportant. The analysis was made using concentrations of seven elements—Sr, Ba, Mg, Cu, Zn, V and Ca—in 197 individuals from the necropolis of ‘S' Illot des Porros’ (Majorca, Spain). The results show that these individuals would have had a mixed diet with a high meat component, principally of marine origin (molluscs and fish), but with an important consumption of seeds and cereals and a low proportion of vegetables.     

襄樊邓城区域楚墓地考析

襄樊邓城区域是楚文化遗存分布的一个重要区域。1971年以来先后发掘了四处楚文化遗址和八处楚文化墓地,并出土了大量的楚文化遗物,其时代可分为春秋早、中、晚期和战国早、中、晚期。本文对该区楚墓地的分布、特点、性质、墓主人身份和与邓城遗址及周围遗址的关系等进行了初步研究。     

早期越国都邑初探--关于古城遗址及龙山墓群的思考

越国建都会稽之前的早期越国都邑在何地有说在诸暨,也有说在萧山。根据太湖南岸,尤其是安吉古城遗址及其周围的古墓群等考古调查资料,结合史书关于吴越两国疆界及吴越罸李、夫椒两次战争等相关史料研究分析,早期越国都邑应该在古钱塘江以北的太湖南岸,秦汉时期的鄣郡郡治所在地,今安吉古城。