Le marché dans l'économie de la grèce antique

The market constitutes the crucial point in the debate which prevailed since the xviii^th century in the history of antique economy. Became particularly complex for the Greek world because many historians and anthropologists (like Karl Polanyi) place there the liberty of the market economy as a break with the previous period. History must abandon too dogmatic a position on this emergence of the market and consider first the levels of the constitution of a market place, the agora, beginning with the end of the archaic period. The Greek city intervenes in the way in the exchanges. In this article, we study these interventions on the conditions of the sale and purchase, the practices, the values and the prices, the supplies, so as to understand the real innovation which that represents.     

The Women of Brassempouy: A Century of Research and Interpretation

  The discovery of female figurines at Brassempouy in the 1890's would launch more than a century of debate and interpretation concerning Paleolithic representations of women. The figurines emerged from the ground into a colonial intellectual and socio-political context nearly obsessed with matters of race. This early racial interpretive frame would only be replaced in the mid 20th century, when prehistorians turned to questions such as fertility and womanhood. The first figurines were discovered in 1892 under rather tortured circumstances in which their very ownership was the subject of a heated dispute between Edouard Piette and Emile Cartailhac. Their toxic relationship would lead Piette, in his subsequent excavations, to be extremely precise about issues of stratigraphic and spatial provenience. Piette's publications and archives enabled Henri Delporte to confirm the Gravettian attribution of the figurines and have allowed the present author to create a map of their spatial distribution within the site. Technological and microscopic analysis of the Brassempouy figurines resolves some lingering questions about the sex of certain of the figurines and suggests an original context of figurine fabrication and the abandonment of unsuccessful sculpting attempts. class="Contact">

中国共产党对知识分子阶级属性认识的曲折过程

中国共产党对知识分子的阶级属性的认识经历了一个曲折的过程。新中国成立前后,刘少奇、周恩来等人从经济地位上界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;1956年,周恩来和邓小平将经济地位和为谁服务统一起来界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;1961、1962年间,周恩来将经济地位、为谁服务、思想状况初步统一起来界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;1978年,邓小平在全国科学大会上将经济地位、为谁服务、思想状况重新统一起来界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;党的十一届三中全会以后,邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛在坚持经济地位、为谁服务、思想状况统一的基础上,着力解决知识分子是工人阶级中怎样的“一部分”的问题。     

当代国外马克思主义阶级理论研究探析

当今世界还需不需要马克思主义及其阶级分析学说？马克思主义及其阶级分析学说应该如何发展自己以应对时代提出的新挑战？这两个问题是当代国外马克思主义阶级理论研究中贯穿始终的一条线索。对这两个问题的不同回答,造就了今天国外马克思主义阶级理论学派林立的局面。其中,具有代表性的学派有以罗默和赖特为首的分析的马克思主义、以拉克劳和墨菲为首的后马克思主义和以伍德为首的正统的马克思主义。     

国共党争与阶级分野--广州国民政府时期工商关系的实证考察

广州国民政府时期,不仅是国民革命迅速发展的高潮阶段,也是革命统一战线发生斗争与分化的转折点.以国共党争为主线,此阶段的工商关系因党派政治的渗入而愈趋复杂,并呈现出"对抗与合作"的双重态势.这主要表现为中国共产党领导的广州工人代表会与商界的阶级对垒,而广东总工会等国民党右派工会则与商界取合作姿态.尽管此时工商间的阶级分野取得明显实效,但也毕竟有限,这与国民党"阶级协调"的政治统治逻辑及广州"劳资混合"的行会传统有着密切关联.     

Place-based corporate hegemony: General Electric in Tell City, Indiana, 1943–1947

This paper examines the dynamics behind the selling of a federally owned World War II factory in Tell City, Indiana in 1946 and 1947. The federal agency charged with disposing of wartime plant, the War Assets Administration, reversed its decision to sell the factory to a small innovative company, Electra-Voice, selling it instead to the giant electrical equipment manufacturer, General Electric. What would make federal administrators who were part of a powerful liberal state apparatus committed to economic competition and anti-monopoly change their mind? The answer lies in what I call place-based corporate hegemony. Probing the material consequences of everyday action, place-based corporate hegemony revolves around the formation of alliances based on axiomatic values, the continued appeal of these values, the redistribution of symbolic and material resources, and the incorporation of threatening elements. Deploying a range of archival materials I show how the concerted efforts of the community, business organizations, politicians and unions as well as General Electric to question the initial decision forced the state to rethink and change its decision.     

19世纪中期英国中产阶级慈善活动论析

19世纪中期,英国进入从传统农业社会向现代工业社会急剧转型的时期,并形成了以私人慈善、自助互助和政府救济为主要形式的多元救助体系。但由于政府奉行自由资本主义,私人慈善便承担起了大部分的社会责任,中产阶级成为私人慈善活动的主力。私人慈善尽管不是社会发展的核心要素,但它却是英国社会转型的润滑剂,发挥着政府救济不可替代的作用。     

Balbuena's Grandeza mexicana and the American Georgic

Bernardo de Balbuena’s Grandeza mexicana (1604) stands between two worlds. One of the earliest and most spectacular poetic celebrations of the wonders of the city of Mexico, this text was addressed both at the American and the Spanish audience, producing a duplicitous message. The capital of New Spain is presented as one of the most loyal and productive colonies of the Hispanic empire, though it is also celebrated for its economic autonomy and cultural supremacy with regards to the metropolis. These dualisms are also noticeable in the poetic style of Balbuena’s work, which, following the traditional idea of the Wheel of Virgil, adopts old classical models to portray the New World whilst anticipating Baroque poetics. Following the example of Virgil, Balbuena fashioned his literary career as a process organised in three distinct evolutionary stages, beginning with a bucolic text, Siglo de Oro en las selvas de Erífile, and culminating with an epic poem, El Bernardo. Grandeza stood between these two, adapting the rural setting of the Georgics to an urban context, and offering an idealised account of the Virgilian praise of human industry, which placed Balbuena and the other members of the lettered class on the forefront of Mexican society.     

新课标下的地理多媒体教学

新课标要求教师必须根据具体的教学情境进行创造性、主动性的劳动,创设生机勃勃的课堂教学氛围,充分调动学生的积极性和主动性,使教师和学生在课堂上焕发活力。倡导学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习,充分发掘学生的潜能,有力地促进学生个性发展。     

用项目教学法提高办公文秘教学效果

中等职业学校的教学是以就业为导向,以培养学生的职业能力为教学目标,学生的综合能力成为评估教学效果的一项重要指标。本文以办公文秘这个专业为例,简单阐述了如何运用项目教学法来提高教学效果。