读书仕进是提升明清家族社会地位的基本途径——明清福建几部族谱的分析

明清福建经历了迅速中原化的过程,家族发展就是典型的例证。为了壮大家族,发展教育、谋求入仕和仕途升迁成为其不二选择。族谱本身往往就是家族在入仕和仕途晋升中成就的体现。首先,在谋求入仕过程中,经商成为改善家族经济条件、为子弟读书提供物质保证的中间手段。家族教育的兴盛有赖于退职致仕官员、经商致富者及广大族人。其次是通过国家官员考核机制决定升降。在这个阶梯里,再次决定社会地位的高低变化,第一步未能走好,成为下层等级的官员还可以获得再次爬升的机会,而第一步即走入高级统治阶层的人们,也可能在这个阶梯游戏中丧失已有的地位,被贬为下层官员甚至平民。科举选拔机制和官员考核机制的结合,才构成一个普通民众社会地位变迁的全过程。     

基于学习型组织的大学组织变革

文章分析了当前我国大学组织的现状和学习性组织的特性,提出了构建学习型大学的思路和具体措施。     

大革命时期党的先进性建设的历史经验及其启示

大革命时期是我们党的建设史上一个非常重要的历史时期。为了生存和发展,年幼的中国共产党从政治、组织、思想、作风等各方面对党的先进性建设进行了初步探索,创造了许多成功经验,但也有不少失误和教训。研究和总结党在这一时期关于加强党的先进性建设的历史经验,有益于我们根据新的时代特征进一步推进党的先进性建设。     

枢纽经济及其发展机制——以中国交通枢纽经济为例

枢纽经济是当前很多省份的重要区域发展战略,但是对枢纽经济内涵、发展机制等核心问题的讨论还不足以指导现实枢纽经济发展。文章构建并检验枢纽经济的发展机制,一方面界定枢纽经济内涵,从系统论的自组织和他组织视角使用区域循环累积因果模型推演出枢纽经济发展的四个阶段;另一方面以交通枢纽经济为例使用省级2007—2017面板数据检验主要变量的定量影响,并判断我国枢纽经济的当前所处阶段。主要结论:枢纽经济发展受经济系统自组织和政府他组织影响,是由初始变化形成阶段、次级强化形成阶段、产业竞合上升发展阶段、成熟阶段组成的循环累积因果过程;经验检验表明劳动力数量、公共基础设施配套、制度创新和技术水平显著影响枢纽经济;当前我国枢纽经济发展处于初始形成阶段,政府政策是触发关键;提高丝绸之路经济带沿线西部省份的枢纽数量和质量能有效拉动枢纽经济发展。     

Accident Investigations: a comparative perspective on societal safety in Norway and Sweden, 1970–2010

The topic for the article is the growing awareness of risk and safety in Norway and Sweden during the last decades of the 20th century, and how the two Scandinavian states have organized investigations of accidents. In many western states accident investigations have moved from sector specific boards to permanent multi-modal commissions. This has also been the case in the two Scandinavian states. But this comparative study reveals different paths and varying speed towards a ‘safety culture’. The Swedish Accident Investigation Board was established in 1990, while its Norwegian opposite partner was established in 2008. Common for the two countries is that reorganization of investigation boards has taken place as political actions after major accidents, rather than as a consequence of risk assessments.     

The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River

The earliest Later Stone Age (LSA) industries from southern Africa are microlithic and unstandardized and include the bipolar technique. The dating of these industries is controversial and the earliest microlithic industry is said to occur at Border Cave at about 39,000 B.P. By 18,000 B.P. a bladelet tradition was established and this was replaced in many parts of southern Africa, at about 12,000 B.P., by a widespread and prolific nonmicrolithic industry, characterized by side-struck flakes. The late Pleistocene environment was colder than present, with particularly harsh conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), between about 20,000 and 18,000 B.P. Populations may have been isolated because archaeological visibility is low during the LGM and decreases further after the LGM. After 13,000 B.P. there is a dramatic increase in sites and this implies that there may have been widespread colonization of territory previously unoccupied for tens of thousands of years. By the end of the late Pleistocene there was a change in hunting patterns, in parts of southern Africa, from an emphasis on the capture of large, gregarious grazers to an emphasis on small, solitary browsers. Social complexity increased during the late Pleistocene, and by 12,000 B.P. it seems possible that Stone Age people were observing some social practices recorded historically among Bushmen (San).     

家族、图像与南巡故事——《万笏朝天图》考析

《万笏朝天图》是首幅以乾隆南巡为主题的清代绘画长卷,组织绘制者范瑶系范仲淹二十世孙。根据范瑶著《纪恩日录》所记,该图卷描绘的是乾隆帝首访天平山范氏园邸的情景。雍乾之际,范氏宗族发展每况愈下,危机重重。作为宗族领导者,范瑶力行改革,多措并举重振家风,并试图通过接驾、献图等重建家族与皇权的密切关系。《万笏朝天图》即为江南士人家族与皇权互动关系的见证。     

“非遗”传承人保护政策的再思考

现行的非物质文化遗产(非遗)传承人保护政策以树立精英式代表性传承人为重点,这一制度不仅疏于为大多数传承人提供真正利于精进技艺的社会环境,也忽视了非遗的多样性特点,与当今国际社会新理念的普通传承人、群体传承人和传承社区的保护意识尚有距离。政府和社会需要提升代表性传承人保护政策的科学性和针对性,应关注更多的普通传承人;还应引入企业和社会力量,促进民间自发的传承机制的运作;要加强非遗产权的法规保护及产权意识的培养,推动全社会民众与传承人共同保护优秀非遗的良性增长。     

环境政治中国际非政府组织的角色——基于批判地缘政治的视角

国际非政府组织（INGO）在国际环境政治中发挥着日益重要的角色,也是中国"一带一路"走出去的关键影响要素之一。批判地缘政治关注主权国家之外的非政府行为体,同时对权力概念提出了新的理解。借助其思想,本文指出国际环境政治中INGO的作用,并通过尺度-权力框架分析其行动和角色。发现：①INGO在环境等国际公共事务上作用不断凸显;②INGO在多个尺度上通过不同的权力影响环境政治;③INGO与政府存在依赖、合作和对抗等不同的互动关系。因此,应处理好与INGO的关系,借助其独特的权力助力"一带一路"建设。     

Long-term developments in complex hunter-gatherer societies: Recent perspectives from the pacific coast of North America

The Pacific coast of North America is ideally suited to the study of long-term developments in complex hunter-gatherer societies. This paper synthesizes current research in California and the Northwest Coast on three related research problems. The first concerns the timing, spatial distribution, and economies of the earliest coastal peoples in the region. The second problem involves the growth and florescence of complex Pacific hunter-gatherer societies. What constitutes archaeological evidence of hunter-gatherer complexity, when and where it occurs, and the interpretations proposed to account for it are reviewed. The final problem addresses how complex hunter-gatherer peoples responded to European exploration and colonization, and how these early encounters affected the Pacific coast societies recorded in early ethnohistoric accounts and later studied by ethnographers.