太平天国时期的李鸿章家族

太平天国崇敬上帝,反对儒学,兼及道、佛,形成了中西文化的激烈对抗.崇尚儒、释、道的李鸿章家族起而抵抗太平天国,父死子继,直至太平天国失败.有大量此类家族与太平天国对抗,是太平天国失败的原因之一.太平天国当然是一次阶级斗争,也明显地具有文化冲突的色彩.     

Spatial and temporal patterns in primary school enrolment and exam achievement in Rural Uganda

Using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative, quantitative and Geographic Information Science methods, we assessed the primary school landscape around a protected area in Western Uganda. Data from a household survey, interviews and standardized school examinations were mapped to visualize spatial patterns in enrolment and academic achievement. We found children on average were starting school at age nine, but started to dropout as early as age 14; especially orphaned boys. Twenty of 36 schools demonstrated improving examination results from 2004 to 2013, although in one district improvements were lacking. Girls traditionally perform poorer than boys on exams in Uganda, but we found girls’ exam scores were catching-up. Support from one non-governmental organization with a long-term local presence was improving academic achievement. The use of Geographic Information Science provided spatially explicit recommendations to guide local policy actions for primary school education.     

Physical planning in an era of marketization: conflicting governance perspectives in the Swedish Transport Administration

Planning of transport infrastructure in Sweden has undergone successive legislative changes as well as neoliberal corporatization and marketization reforms in recent years, with a general aim to increase efficiency and effectiveness. This paper presents planning practitioners’ experiences of far-reaching marketization of physical planning practice in line with a strategy within the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) to become a ‘Pure Purchaser’. The strategy implies that all practical planning work should be carried out by procured consultants. The paper follows a qualitative, explorative approach based on document studies and interviews with practitioners actively involved in carrying out physical planning of road and rail investments. The concept of ‘modes of governance’ is applied to highlight and analytically interpret differences in perspectives on efficient and effective governance as expressed in the planning legislation, and the STA marketization strategy, respectively. The empirical results make evident that the recent marketization reforms are generally perceived as strongly and negatively affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of planning practices while also circumscribing professional discretion. The study highlights the importance of specific organization and management perspectives as explanatory factors in studying efficiency and effectiveness of planning practices.     

Evaluating indices of curation for Archaic North American bifacial projectile points

Abstract

This paper addresses the definitions of the term “curation” and the utility of various techniques for its quantification based on morphometric, isometric, and geometric characteristics of bifacial projectile points. The definitions were evaluated through the comparative application of curation indices to a collection of Archaic projectile points from the Southwestern United States. Bifacial projectile points from the Walt Jones Farm site (10Br9), Georgia, were analyzed with the accompanying debitage using curation indices and non-indexical measures. Comparisons of the curation indices with non-indexical measures allow an examination of the utility of the term “curation,” and we argue that indices of curation cannot operate in a vacuum without additional information concerning an assemblage.     

Assessing Disciplinary Integration in New Anthropological Studies of Music

Four recent books offer an opportunity to review new and continuing approaches to the study of music, not as an artistic product, but as an essential practice in human society and as a capacity that defines humankind. Two books examine musical capacity and music making from the framework of biological anthropology, drawing on new research in neurophysiology to connect biological and archaeological anthropology. The other two locate the study largely within cultural anthropology, drawing on ethnomusicology. Taken as a set the volumes invite disciplinary integration in anthropological studies of music.     

试论商代金文的装饰图案特征

商代金文特别是族徽文字表现形式独特,构形近同图画,与青铜器上的装饰图案十分接近,若混于装饰图案中,则难于分辨。附于文字左右的装饰图案主要有三类:兽面纹、夔龙纹及鸟纹,而易与文字混淆的的装饰图案主要有目雷纹、双目纹、龟纹、蝉纹、火纹等等。     

Towards a chequebook democracy? Business,parties and the funding of politics in Italy and the United States

This article seeks to establish to what extent Silvio Berlusconi's entry into electoral politics as leader of Forza Italia signals an ‘Americanization’ of Italian politics. It argues that Italian party democracy is moving in an ‘American’ direction in two ways. First, Italian party organizations are declining, leading to a more candidate-centred type of electoral politics. Second, the decline of parties is enhancing the ability of business to use its financial clout to tailor public policy to its own requirements. However, these trends do not have identical effects in Italy and the United States. This article will also show that this process of ‘Americanization’ interacts with the existing political praxis and institutional framework of Italian politics to produce an outcome which differs from both the traditional Western European model and the American model of party democracy. It will be concluded that this outcome seriously undermines representative democracy in Italy.     

生产范式变革下集群企业的去地方化研究

在全球化和地方化共同作用下,经济活动的去地方化现象越来越受到关注。与一般的产业转移概念不同,去地方化着重强调企业受到某种作用脱离地方生产网络,进而对地方生产网络产生的影响。目前关于去地方化的研究多集中在欧美国家,且多是基于全球生产网络的视角,而由企业生产范式变革引起的去地方化没有得到应有重视。实际上,在中国沿海地区,集群内创新型企业进行生产范式变革,引起企业去地方化现象十分明显,对地方经济社会产生深刻影响。在此背景下,本文建立生产范式变革、组织协同与企业去地方化的理论架构,分别以东莞鞋业集群和华宏鞋业公司为例,分析鞋业集群和企业在生产范式变革下的去地方化现象,为地方政府更好地制定实施集群政策和产业转移提供理论依据。     

清代宗族祖坟述略

清代宗族的祖坟,被视为安放祖宗体魄之所,地位崇高;虽为民间之事,没有像皇家山陵那样的体制,然也多所规范,墓穴空间布局,在理想的条件下遵行昭穆制、房支葬区制和坟丁护坟制.宗族视维护祖坟为重大事务和重要活动内容,成为宗族建设的重要环节,培土护林,竖立碑石,绘制坟图,载入族谱,反对盗卖坟山田地林木,不惜破财打官司;感念祖宗功德遗泽,设置祀田,进行持久不懈的墓祭.祖坟的存在令族人由观念上的祖宗认同,进到组织上的建立清明会之类的团体,令族姓的天然血缘事物变成为宗族社会群体,成为宗族的一种载体,与祠堂、祀产、族谱共同构成宗族实体元素;祖茔还能为宗族编纂族谱提供实物史料.北方宗族不被学者看重,若给祖坟以应有的地位,以之为视角观察宗族史,可知它是北方宗族存在和活动的特点.     

服务导向的组织公民行为

旅游企业员工服务导向的组织公民行为对顾客的满意感有重大的影响。旅游企业应做好员工选聘、入职培训、业绩考核、奖励、员工福利、授权等方面的管理工作,促使员工认同企业服务导向的价值观念,与企业建立长期互信的社会交换关系,增强员工的受权意识,激励员工表现服务导向的组织公民行为,为游客提供优质的服务。