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961.
M. Kujanov L. Bigoni J. Velemínsk P. Velemínský 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2008,18(5):476-491
Monitoring the degree of asymmetry in different parts of the human body can contribute to population studies, as it may be connected indirectly with the social structure, living conditions, and also with biomechanical stress affecting the person. Analysis of asymmetry may also assess preferential use of the right or left of the body during specific activities. This study is based on the measurements of bones of the upper and lower limbs of skeletons derived from the remarkable medieval cemeteries of Mikulčice‐Kostelisko (78 male, 132 female) and Prušánky (66 male, 69 female) (9th–12th centuries AD), and a series of skeletons representing a recent population from Bohemia (143 male, 157 female). The objective was to assess directional asymmetry (DA), fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and antisymmetry (AS) of the dimensions of the evaluated bones, and to use these data to compare the characteristics of the medieval and recent populations. DA was recorded in most dimensions. In the upper limb, the humerus exhibited the greatest expression of asymmetry, and, with the exception of the clavicle, DA was always more pronounced on the right side. Conversely, DA was less prevalent in the lower limb bones. It was more pronounced on the transverse, sagittal and circumferential dimensions of the diaphyses and epiphyses than on the length, and in most cases it was on the left side. The FA values were very low, and almost negligible in relation to the size. Nevertheless, FA was markedly more frequent on the lower than on the upper limb. In contrast to the medieval population, the recent population had higher FA and DA values. Thus, we propose that people from this medieval population were subjected to lower developmental stress than the recent sample. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
962.
Mariano Ramos Fabián Bognanni Matilde Lanza Verónica Helfer Patricia Salatino Claudio Quiroga Diego Aguirre David Pau 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(3):209-247
In the central-southeastern area of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, lies a mountainous area of low height in Tandilia that
contains important outcrops of quartzite and granite. A large number of buildings are made of massive blocks of rock, some
of them with a surface of over 1 ha. In addition to these completely artificial constructions are other structures that are
semi-natural, having been made in places with special topographical characteristics and complemented with dry-stone walls.
Scanty written documents allow us to attribute some of the constructions to an age before the permanent settlement of the
Creole population. In the Tandilia Sierras these structures are commonly known as “corrales de indios” (Indian corrals). This
designation involves a double prejudice with regard to function and cultural affiliation. Out of a total of 22 structures,
we analyze a group of 4 that were excavated to use to review the written documents. 相似文献
963.
EDWARD FRIEDMAN 《Nations & Nationalism》2008,14(4):721-738
ABSTRACT. Since the rise of Chinese nationalism at the end of the nineteenth century, different political groups have sought to mobilise regional support by identifying with the national agenda of regional preferences. There have been changing contestations appealing to north, south, center, west and east. By analysing these moving identities, one can escape a misleading homogenisation of actual multi‐strandedness and better understand the nature and potential consequences of ongoing political struggles using conflicting nationalisms on behalf of diverse political agendas, some more war‐prone than others. 相似文献
964.
ERIC KAUFMANN 《Nations & Nationalism》2008,14(3):449-477
ABSTRACT. This paper tries to make the case for a model of political identity based on an optical metaphor, which is especially applicable to nations. Human vision can be separated into sentient object, lenses and inbuilt mental ideas. This corresponds well to identity processes in which ‘light’ from a bounded territorial referent is refracted through various lenses (ideological, material, psychological) to focus in certain ways on particular symbolic resources like genealogy, history, culture or political institutions. Distinguishing between referent, lenses and resources helps us more precisely situate many hitherto disparate problems of national identity. These include the ‘ethnic‐civic’ dilemma, the mystery of national identity before nationalism, and the relationship between local and national, and individual and collective, identities. The model also clarifies the place of universalist ideology, which currently fits poorly within the leading culturalist and materialist theories of nationalism. 相似文献
965.
Carolyn Gaskell 《Children's Geographies》2008,6(3):223-238
The New Labour Respect Agenda fuses anti-social behaviour policies, Third Way active citizenship, and a theory of community-based support and regulation. The Respect Agenda itself has a specific focus on, and direct implications for, children and young people, as well as for children living in vulnerable families. This paper argues that the theoretical basis for New Labour's ‘Respect’ is limited and ultimately flawed. Whilst New Labour policy demands respect from young people, young people's lived citizenship is too often experienced in terms of disrespect and even shame of the self. Young people respond to these feelings of disrespect by seeking out other ways through which respect can be acted out and negotiated. Respect, as conceptualised through the New Labour lens will criminalise vulnerable young people, thereby further stripping them of self-respect, inter-personal respect and societal respect. The paper concludes that respect should be an outcome of policy and a philosophy of a social justice led politics, rather than a conditionally led policy. 相似文献
966.
Mark Staniforth 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2008,3(2):93-102
Maritime archaeology is a multi-faceted discipline that requires both theoretical learning and practical skills training.
In the past most universities have approached the teaching of maritime archaeology as a full-time on-campus activity designed
for ‘traditional’ graduate students; primarily those in their early twenties who have recently come from full-time undergraduate
study and who are able to study on-campus. The needs of mature-age and other students who work and live in different places
(or countries) and therefore cannot attend lectures on a regular basis (or at all) have largely been ignored. This paper provides
a case study in the teaching of maritime archaeology from Australia that, in addition to ‘traditional’ on-campus teaching,
includes four main components: (1) learning field methods through field schools; (2) skills training through the AIMA/NAS
avocational training program; (3) distance learning topics available through CD-ROM and using the Internet; and (4) practicums,
internships and fellowships. The author argues that programs to teach maritime archaeology in the twenty first century need
to be flexible and to address the diverse needs of students who do not fit the ‘traditional’ model. This involves collaborative
partnerships with other universities as well as government underwater cultural heritage management agencies and museums, primarily
through field schools, practicums and internships. 相似文献
967.
孔子是儒家学派的创始人,朱熹是儒家思想传承过程中的重要一环———宋明理学的集大成者。二人的义利观在思想基础是有很大的相似性,但由于所生活的时代不同,社会背景相异,且作为当时代的学者,他们都相当关注当时代人们的生活和思想状况,因而,他们的义利观也因时代背景的差异而有了一些歧出之处。试图挖掘二者义利观的相异之处及其社会原因。 相似文献
968.
Yifeng Zhao 《Frontiers of History in China》2008,3(1):78-100
Majority of contemporary Chinese historians have been employing a conceptual framework focusing on the difficulty of capitalistic
development in China to analyze the historical trend and potentials of late imperial China. This approach based upon the presupposition
of viewing the pattern of Chinese history as abnormal reflects with the remaining influence of the Western-centric methodology.
Further, based upon a “normal” point of view, seven fundamental, irreversible, and systematical changes to the Ming society
could be identified. By conclusion, China in the Ming period was transforming into an imperial agric-mercantile society. This
process proves that late imperial China was not stagnate society without “history,” meanwhile, its pattern of development
was clearly not identical to the Western style modernization progress.
__________
Translated by Chen Cheng from Dongbei Shida Xuebao 东北师大学报(Journal of Northeast Normal University), 2007, (1): 5–13 相似文献
969.
何一民 《Frontiers of History in China》2008,3(2):263-292
Resulted from different causes, the majority of traditional cities in modern China underwent a decline in various degrees.
The causes of the decline of Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou which have started to develop their new industry and commerce
since mid-Qing Dynasty lies in such aspects as: the lose of transportation superiority in modern China; the fatal destruction
caused by Taiping Revolution; the affects of the rising of Shanghai; the recession of traditional economy and slowed development
of new economy; and the conservatism in thinking and ideas etc.
Translated by Huang Bangfu from Xinan Minzu Daxue Xuebao 西南民族大学学报 (Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities), 2007, (4): 1–11 相似文献
970.
李大龙 《Frontiers of History in China》2008,3(3):323-352
“The Central Kingdom” is pregnant of political implications as well as of geographical and cultural significance. It was believed
that whoever controlled Zhongguo (the Central Kingdom or China) would be the legitimate ruler over Tianxia (the realm under heaven or all under heaven). It was the contention for “the Central Kingdom” among the varieties of dynasties,
notably those established by the Han-Chinese and the various ethnic groups in the northern borderland, that lead to the alternation
of disintegration and unification of the territory. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that the unified “Central Kingdom” composed
of a variety of ethnic groups turned into the ideal “realm under heaven” with “the Central Kingdom” at its core, which naturally
put an end to the formation of territory in ancient China.
Translated by Chen Dan from Zhongguo Bianjiang Shidi Yanjiu 中国边疆史地研究 (China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies), 2007, (3): 1–15 相似文献