青海省工业循环经济评价指标体系的建立和评价方法选择

文章围绕工业循环经济评价指标体系设计的原则,分别构建了青海省工业循环经济评价的理论指标体系和操作指标体系,提出了具体的评价方法,并据此对青海省工业循环经济总体发展状况进行了评价。     

Rotational behavior of degraded traditional mortise-tenon joints: experimental tests and hysteretic model

This article presents the results of an experimental study on the rotational behavior of degraded Chinese traditional mortise-tenon joints with different degradation types and different degradation degrees. Six joint specimens degraded through artificially simulated method, were tested by reversed cyclic loading, from which the moment-rotation curves were obtained. The results indicated that the rotational behavior of these joints is semi-rigid, the hysteretic curve shapes of degraded joints are same to that of joint without degradation. The maximum moment, yield moment, and initial rotational stiffness of degraded joints decreases as the degraded degree increases, whose empirical degradation relationships were obtained based on the test data. A hysteretic model for degraded traditional mortise tenon joints was proposed. Experimental results were used to validate the proposed hysteretic model. Good agreement between predictions and tests was observed.     

Building survey forms for heterogeneous urban areas in seismically hazardous zones. Application to the historical center of Valparaíso,Chile

ABSTRACT

Building survey is an essential data-collection procedure to feed large-scale seismic vulnerability assessment. The available strategies usually consider survey forms to gather information about the urban buildings. The application of the available survey forms poses important challenges for the case of the heterogeneous urban centers including different structural typologies. This work proposes four specific survey forms for traditional structural typologies constructed with masonry, reinforced concrete, mixed steel-reinforced concrete, and timber. The proposed forms request essential information on the parameters necessary for seismic vulnerability assessment, by evaluating the lateral-load resistant system, regularity, condition of conservation, and existing damages. The survey forms were applied to the study of 111 buildings of the historical center of Valparaíso, Chile. The proposed methodology was complemented with the use of Geographic Information Systems to obtain a complete database with the structural characterization of the most representative typologies for future works of large-scale seismic vulnerability assessment.     

An Overview of Maritime Archaeological Research of the Colonial Period in the French Antilles

This article provides a summary of the various maritime archaeology projects undertaken in the French Antilles (Guadeloupe and Martinique) since the 1980s that date to the 17th–19th century Colonial period. These projects are presented in the context of the principal maritime archaeological research questions. The results are analysed thematically touching on different aspects of archaeological research in littoral and underwater zones: coastal plantations, ports, and micro‐islets. Research carried out on wreck‐sites is presented with respect to their maritime use (commercial, naval, and cabotage). The nature and distribution of such sites provides information both on maritime routes and traffic, trade, conflicts, and environmental risks specific to the Antilles in the Colonial period.     

Guidelines for On-Site Assessment of Historic Timber Structures

In the scope of European Cooperation in Science and Technology–Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage (COST IE0601–WoodCultHer) (available at http://www.woodculther.org) it was agreed to produce Guidelines for the Assessment of Historic Timber Structures, covering the principles and possible approaches for the safety assessment of old timber structures of historical relevance that could be used as the basis for possible European Standards, as discussed with CEN/TC346 (Conservation of Cultural Heritage).

This approach was targeted at all those concerned with the conservation of heritage buildings. These guidelines should also help decision-making regarding the need for immediate safety measures. The aim is to guarantee that inspection and assessment measures provide the necessary data for historical analysis, structural safety assessment, and planning of intervention works, while having minimal impact on the building fabric (the original materials, structural systems, and techniques).This article provides information on the criteria to be used in the assessment of load-bearing timber structures in heritage buildings. It covers the preliminary assessment (desk survey, preliminary visual survey, measured survey, structural analysis, and preliminary report), as well as the detailed survey of timbers (with a special emphasis on visual strength grading on site) and carpentry joints. The subsequent diagnostic report and the detailed design of repairs are outside its scope.     

Application of Particle Motion Technique to Structural Modal Identification of Heritage Buildings

Determining the behavior of a structure estimated by means of finite elements analysis requires not only an in-depth knowledge of its geometry and dynamic properties but also an experimental validation to corroborate the adequacy of the characteristics of the structure. Most of the current structural identification techniques are based on linear methods that call for many measurement points and/or a relative simple structure. Complex structures are somewhat still an unexplored field due to the difficulties with the finite element method and the experimental corroboration of its results. This study presents the use of particle motion computation applied to each structural vibration mode to improve the identification of its dynamic properties, and its application to the Gothic Cathedral of Palma de Majorca (Spain).     

Shear Vulnerability of Historical Reinforced-Concrete Structures

Modern buildings have been characterized by the rapid spread of reinforced concrete as a novel and versatile building material. Within the assessment of existing buildings, the most sensitive structures are those designed in the first half of the 20th century, when the theory of reinforced concrete and the detailing rules were not yet well established. This study considers the issues related to the gradual understanding of the vulnerability at a territorial scale of structural typologies designed only for vertical loads. In particular, the shear behavior of the buildings in the period between 1920 and 1960 is investigated. The shear strength control of the structural elements of an open-air stadium in Southern Italy is carried on according to Eurocode 2, the American Concrete Institute Code, ACI 318R–2008, and a method based on Arslan’s equation. The results are compared with those included in the original calculus report according to the 1930 Royal Decree-Law (RDL 18/7/1930).     

上下椽头尾搭接的木构古建筑受力性能的简化计算方法研究

古建筑木结构主要分为抬梁木构体系和穿斗木构体系,其结构布置与连接节点明显不同于现代木结构。为了进一步提高古建筑木结构的结构计算和结构安全评估的工程实用性,对常见木椽的受力性能简化算法、常见拼合檩条的受力性能简化算法、三架梁和五架梁受力性能的简化算法进行研究,并基于动力特性分析,初步提出古建筑木结构典型构架体系在进深方向和面阔方向结构基本自振周期的近似计算模型。研究成果可为古建筑木结构的结构性能计算、结构安全评估以及加固修缮设计提供依据和参考。     

我国县域经济系统动态演变机制及时空演化结构和规律

县域是我国社会经济基本单元。县域经济系统的发展是人类社会政治、经济、文化、技术等要素综合作用的结果,在系统时空演化过程中,其机理表现为一系列的综合机制:动力机制、互动机制、变异机制。县域经济系统按照条件、资源等要素的地域分异和组合特征及经济发展水平特征可以划分为三种基本产业结构地域类型:资源开发型、资源开发与加工并重型、工贸型等。同时在空间上相应地呈现出单核型、双核型、群核型或单核复合型等三种空间结构地域类型;在阶段上相应体现出传统阶段、发展阶段、一体化阶段的特征与表现。从总体上来说,本文揭示了我国县域经济系统城乡一体化的客观趋势。     

Protective Structures for the Preservation of Medieval Buildings and their Remains: Case Studies from Monastery Hilandar and Mount Athos

The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for temporary protective structures, that is, the guidelines for planning, design, and implementation of future protective structures. The basic method of this paper was the observation and analyses of temporary protective structures as well as the evaluation of the results achieved in implementation of these rules in completed structures, within the Hilandar Monastery complex on Mount Athos, in Greece. Mount Athos was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its cultural and natural values. The Holy Mount Athos is a unique monastic complex in the world and only males are allowed past the entrance. Having performed the evaluation of certain types of temporary protective structures, the given results were offered as recommendation for their design and implementation. The most significant accomplishment of this paper is verification of the designed, calculated, and completed protective structures through practical application within the Hilandar Monastery complex, in accordance with all the factors of site management.