Varieties of nationalism in the political discourses of Habsburg Austria

Nationalism in the Habsburg Empire is traditionally viewed through an ethnic lens. Despite a growing literature on ‘national indifference’ that studies nationalism in Habsburg central Europe from a constructivist perspective and advances our knowledge concerning variations in national identifications, the nationalism implied in these works remains largely limited to an exclusionary ethnic type. This reductionist view of central European nationalism mirrors the traditional dichotomy of ethnic ‘Eastern’ versus civic ‘Western’ nationalism. In order to avoid this reduction, this article approaches nationalism as a thin-centred ideology and explores varieties of nationalism in Habsburg Austria during the long 19th century. Although certain ideational paths made ethno-nationalism appear, retrospectively, as a quasi-natural feature of central Europe, the findings show that there developed rival discursive traditions of nationalism and competing representations of nation.     

基于信息流的武汉城市圈城乡文化空间结构研究

信息流动空间的支配性功能实质性地改变了现代城乡文化的空间结构。基于文化信息流的表征,通过构建武汉城市圈城乡文化节点的结节性测度指标体系,运用建模将文化节点的影响范围转化成结节性指数、文化节点等级与文化传播方式相结合的函数,发现信息化背景下武汉城市圈城乡文化的空间结构有三个特征:1城乡文化节点呈现以"京广"铁路为界东高西低的等级体系,其功能趋于软化;2文化廊道日益凸显,城乡文化空间结构的弹性逐渐增强;3城乡文化空间结构趋于网络化。信息化背景下应充分利用市场配置规律,发挥文化廊道的正效应,构建公共文化设施网络,优化文化信息流动空间,重塑现代城乡文化的空间结构。     

中原城市群城镇网络结构特征分析:基于空间引力与客运联系

以中原城市群县、市区节点为研究单元,基于引力模型与复杂网络模型,根据测定的城镇间引力量与城际直接的客运班次两类数据,对中原城市群空间网络结构特征进行比较与归纳。结果表明:中原城市群空间联系突出了"双中心"与层次结构特征,引力与客运联系网络互为支撑,又各具特色,郑州与洛阳在城市群网络结构中的中心度较高,但对网络并没有绝对的控制力,城市群网络的集团化效应明显。城市群最大联系轴向有序,但空间网络结构并没有呈现较强的"长尾分布",城镇网络结构中心度分布有序性差。城市群引力网络子群体间的联系较弱,内部的联系密切,受行政区划的屏蔽或行政级别差异影响显著;而客运联系网络各子群体之间的联系较强,核心市区功能效应显著。     

基于旅游数字足迹的西安旅游流网络结构研究

Web2.0时代,游客通过互联网获取信息、购买产品,而且还会分享游记、照片。这些游客留在网络上的游记、照片和其它痕迹都含有时空信息,称为"数字足迹"。本文以西安为例,利用游记和照片获取旅游数字足迹,采用数据挖掘方式提取时空信息,并结合社会网络分析法,试图总结西安国内散客旅游流时间及网络结构特征。结果表明,数字足迹研究的时间规律和其它调研结论基本一致;旅游节点间分布不均衡;旅游网络密度低、结构分层明显。本文基于旅游数字足迹的研究,具有很强的可推广价值,可为等旅游管理研究提供新思路。     

走出传统模式--评王和著《从邦国到帝国的先秦政治》

王和先生的《从邦国到帝国的先秦政治》一书,不仅阐述了先秦政治发展的历史脉络,而且给学术界带来了一股清新的哲理思考之风。他超越了传统的“五种生产方式说”和“部落联盟说”两个理论模式,并对传统文化的核心“群体本位”论做了精到的解读。该书进行的以三代历史为背景的历史分析,相当辩证、冷静而深入,值得一读。     

邓小平"南方谈话"研究的回顾与思考

关于邓小平"南方谈话"的研究,从1992年至今取得了很多可喜的成果,并呈现出逐步深化的态势.研究之初的侧重点主要在于对其内容的梳理和分析,并联系现实问题与历史经验,着力澄清某些不清楚或不正确的观点,以推动思想解放之潮;研究中期的特点是联系实际来考察"南方谈话"的真理性,并上升到哲学高度阐释其内涵,进一步认识其在指导意义上的普遍性;2002年以来,研究的角度更加多样,研究的问题更加深入,既增加了"南方谈话"与"七一"讲话的比较研究,又对"南方谈话"历史地位及其重大意义的探讨有了理论上的新突破.今后的研究,应当在此基础上,进一步明确研究发展的基本动因,采取多种方法拓宽研究视角,并强化比较研究.     

邓小平与马克思主义理论学习

邓小平不仅自身在将马克思主义理论与中国具体实践成功结合方面树立起一座丰碑 ,成为全国人民科学地学习和运用马克思主义的光辉典范 ,而且高度重视、多次提出马克思主义理论学习问题 ,强调在新形势下马克思主义对党和国家的发展的重要指导作用 ,认为学习马克思主义理论要做到“精”与“通”的辩证统一、理论与实际的辩证统一、坚持与发展的辩证统一。     

Factors controlling free thermal convection in faults in sedimentary basins: implications for the formation of zinc–lead mineral deposits

Stratiform sediment‐hosted Zn–Pb–Ag mineral deposits constitute about 40% of the Earth's zinc resources ( Allen 2001 ), and in most cases their genesis involves the discharge of basinal brines near or on the seafloor through syndepositional faults ( Sangster 2002 ). From the point of view of base metal exploration, it is therefore essential to identify all possible faults that formerly carried the upwelling ore‐forming solutions during mineralising events. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the relative importance of various physical parameters in controlling fluid discharge, recharge and heat transport in faults. A two‐dimensional, free convection of pure water, hydrogeological model is developed for the McArthur basin in northern Australia based on the surface geology, known stratigraphic and structural relationships and regional geophysical interpretations. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses reveal that faults with strong initial heat input, due to depth of penetration or magmatic activity, are the most likely candidates to carry discharge fluids to the sites of metal precipitation. Deeper, wider and more permeable faults are more likely to behave as the fluid discharge pathways, whereas shallow, narrow or less permeable faults act as marine water recharge pathways. Compared with these fault‐related factors, aquifer physical properties are less important in determining fluid flow patterns and the geothermal regime. These results are an important step in understanding hydrothermal fluid flow in sedimentary basins in order to develop effective exploration criteria for the location of stratiform Zn–Pb–Ag deposits.     

Mathematical modeling of phase separation of seawater near an igneous dike

We provide a simplified treatment of phase separation of seawater near an igneous dike to obtain rough estimates of the thickness and duration of the two‐phase zone, the volume fractions of vapor and brine formed, and their distribution in the subsurface. Under the assumption that heat transfer occurs mainly by thermal conduction we show that, for a 2‐m wide dike, the maximum width of the two phase zone is approximately 20 cm and that a zone of halite is initially deposited near the dike wall. The two‐phase zone is mainly filled with vapor. For a value of thermal diffusivity of a = 10^?6 m² sec^?1, the two‐phase zone begins to disappear at the base of the system after 13 days, and disappears completely by 16 days. For a lower value of thermal diffusivity, the width of the two‐phase region does not change appreciably but its duration increases as a^?1. The width of the two‐phase zone determined by this simplified model agrees reasonably well with transient numerical solutions for the analogous two‐phase flow in a pure water system; however the duration of two‐phase flow is matched better using a smaller value of a. We compare the seafloor values of vapor salinity and temperature given by the model with vapor salinity data from the ‘A’ vent at 9–10°N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and argue that either non‐equilibrium thermodynamic behavior or near‐surface mixing of brine with vapor in the two‐phase region may explain the discrepancies between model predictions and data.     

Timescales for reaching steady-state fluid flow in systems perturbed by formation of highly permeable faults

We consider the case of an isothermal, fluid‐saturated, homogeneous rock layer with transverse fluid flow driven by an imposed constant fluid pressure gradient. A rupture in the centre of the rock layer generates a highly permeable fault and results in a change of the initially homogeneous permeability distribution. This leads to a perturbation of the fluid flow field and its gradual transition to a new steady‐state corresponding to the new permeability distribution. An examination of this transitional process permits us to obtain an analytical estimation of the transition stage duration. The application of the results obtained to km‐scale faults in crystalline rock bodies leads to the conclusion that the evolution of the fluid velocity field is rather rapid compared with geological timescales.