REPORT ON DAMAGE TO INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES IN THE 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE,TURKEY

The author got a chance to visit Turkey for investigating the damage of industrial facilities in the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake which occurred on 17 August 1999 in the Kocaeli province of Turkey.

This report provides a brief investigation obtained through the seismic damage survey, particularly, focused on the damages to industrial facilities. The epicentral area in the Kocaeli province is the most industrial region of Turkey. Severe excitation attacked this region and industrial plants and structures were more or less damaged. Since the author could only visit a few sites, the report mainly describes the damages of two plants; TÜPRA? oil refinery where big fire occurred and TOYOTA-SA car manufacturing factory where no significant damage appeared.     

INFLUENCE OF CAPACITY DESIGN METHOD ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF R/C COLUMNS

Abstract

This paper aims at assessing the influence of the design procedure followed in designing the columns of a reinforced concrete (R/C) building on the performance of the columns, aa well as of the structure as a whole, when subjected to seismic loading; to identify potential weaknesses in currently adopted procedures; and to present a new procedure which is based on currently-available, powerful analytical tools, and results in increased reliability with regard to seismic loading. Two case studies are presented, involving multistorey reinforced concrete buildings with frame and dual structural systems subjected to various appropriately-scaled input accelerograms. The results obtained indicate that capacity design of columns results in adequate safety margins against failure, even when the adopted overstrength factors are quite low, but hinging in columns is not avoided unless very high overstrength factors are used. The suggested novel technique of capacity design led to very satisfactory seismic performance, and offers the possibility of cost reduction by achieving an appropriate balance between provided flexural strength and corresponding confinement.     

Review of the Alaska boundary question

EUROPE

A Vertebrate Fauna of Forth. By L. J. Rintoul and E. V. Baxter. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd Ltd., 1935. Price 25s.

River Navigation in England, 1600–1750. By T. S. Wilian. London : Oxford University Press, 1936. Price 10s. 6d.

The Pastoral Heritage of Britain. By E. H. Carrier. London : Christophers, 1936. Price 10s. 6d.

The Mesolithic Settlement of Northern Europe : a Study of the Food‐Gathering Peoples of Northern Europe during the Early Post‐Glacial Period. By J. G. D. Clark. Cambridge : The University Press. Price 25s.

ASIA

Asia. Third Edition. By L. Dudley Stamp. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 27s. 6d.

Odyssey of the Islands. By C N. Taylor. London : Charles Scribner's Sons Ltd., 1936. Price 12s. 6d.

AFRICA

The Seething African Pot. By D. Thwaite. London : Constable and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 7s. 6d.

Canoe Errant on the Nile. By R. Raven‐Hart. London : John Murray, 1936. Price 7s. 6d.

AMERICA

Tempest over Mexico. By R. E. King. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 10s. 6d.

Londoner's New York. By E. S. Fay. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 8s. 6d.

AUSTRALASIA

Central Australia. By C. T. Madigan. London : Oxford University Press, 1936. Price 12s. 6d.

Papuan Epic. By K. Bushell. London : Seeley, Service and Co. Ltd. 1936. Price 12s. 6d.

New Zealand: A Short History. By J. C. Beaglehole. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1936. Price 3s. 6d.

OCEANIA

POLAR

Cradle of the Storms. By B. R. Hubbard. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 8s. 6d.

GENERAL

British Regional Geology : The Pennines and Adjacent Areas. By Dr. D. A. Wray. London : H.M. Stationery Office, 1936. Price 1s. 6d.

Trees of Britain. By B. Briggs. London : The Lutterworth Press, 1936. Price 21s.

(7) Wild Flowers of the Wayside and Woodland. Compiled by T. H. Scott and W. J. Stokse. London : Frederick Warne and Co. Ltd., 1936. Price 7s. 6d.

EDUCATIONAL

The Economic Geography of the British Empire. By R. Ogilvie Buchanan. University of London Press Ltd., 1935. Price 6s.     

Monumentality in Urban Design: The Case of Russia

A prominent American urban geographer and observer of the Russian urban scene provides an overview of grand planning and monumental urban design in Russia and the former Soviet Union through the lens of four themes outlined in a previous paper by Larry Ford (2008). In the process, he adds two more themes relevant to Russia and the former USSR: town building and architecture intended to define and legitimize state power, and the shaping or remodeling of society to reflect a regime's ideology. Noting the obstacles in the West to getting large urban projects planned, accepted, and completed, he argues that monumental urban landscapes appear to demand some degree of sustained, centralized, authoritarian leadership. The latter has been present in Russia and the USSR during much of the past millennium, including the present, but the emergence of new commercial/corporate forces in urban land development also bears scrutiny in studies of the processes promoting urban monumentality. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, R14, R52. 10 figures, 44 references.     

A CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING AND EVALUATING COMMUNITY‐BASED AFTER‐SCHOOL ART PROGRAMS

The objective of this paper is two‐fold. First, various perspectives that have been adopted in the discursive context of the benefits of engaging children and youths in artistic endeavors are examined. Second, in the hope of maximizing the quality of arts programs that enrich the lives of youth, a conceptual and methodological framework for the development of community‐based art programs for youth is presented. The aim is to provide a clear way to conceptualize and operationalize arts programs, and to delineate methods for the evaluation of their effectiveness.     

Form,function, fiction – translations of technology and design in product development

This article is a case study of the design and development of a Norwegian crockery series for institutional households – the 1962 Figgjo 3500 Hotel China. It investigates how this product represented a decisive break with the conventions of postwar Norwegian design and manufacture. The onset of international free trade meant export or die for the manufacturing industry. The elitist aestheticism so prevalent in the so‐called Scandinavian Design movement was abandoned in favour of an ideology remarkably akin to what was at the German Ulm School of Design called scientific operationalism. The paper also analyses how the manufacturer sought to portray this product: first, it was inscribed as science incarnated, and the material morality reigned supreme. But as society's faith in science took some serious blows in the course of the 1960s and modernist design idioms were partly forsaken in the 1970s, the engineered tableware became the fashioned tableware as trends tamed technology. These translations of technology, design, identity and consumption tell the story of how an artefact is constantly in a state of transformation – on both sides of the factory gate.     

The impact of playground design on play choices and behaviors of pre-school children

The purpose of this study was to examine where and how children choose to play in four Australian pre-school centers with very different outdoor playgrounds. Using a momentary time sampling direct observation instrument, a total of 960 scans were taken of pre-determined target areas (paths, paved expanses, grass, softfall, sand feature, manufactured functional, manufactured constructive and natural) within four playgrounds over a 30-day period. During each scan, we recorded the number of boys and girls observed in each target area as well as the dominant type of play (functional, constructive, symbolic, self-focused, talking). A total of 2361 observations of children occurred across the four centers. The results revealed the children were using the four playgrounds differently. At the diverse and natural Center A, the most popular space was the natural area and the least popular space was the sandpit. At the small, compact and diverse Center B, children were fairly evenly dispersed, with the most popular areas being the softfall and paved expanse. At the hard and barren Center C, almost half the children were found on the pavement, but the sandpits and natural areas were also popular. Finally, at the large, sparse and old Center D, children were fairly evenly dispersed, but most were observed playing on the softfall. Across all centers, irrespective of target area, the dominant play activity was functional play followed by self-focused play. This article discusses these findings and asks important questions about the design of pre-school playgrounds. In doing so, this study has begun to explain the relationship between the design of outdoor play spaces, children's choices of play locations and their play behaviors.     

模块化视角下上海时尚产业发展路径研究

本文引入模块化相关理论并以此为理论基础考察了五大时尚之都(伦敦、米兰、巴黎、纽约和东京)的时尚产业及其模块化组织发展状况。通过调研所得资料提炼这些城市时尚产业的模块化发展要素及其作用机理,并总结其时尚产业模块化组织价值创新的发展路径。结合上海时尚产业的发展现状,对其具备的共同要素和特殊要素进行分析,说明在经过十余年的发展后,上海时尚产业在模块化进程中所处的阶段及其与时尚之都的差距。并以此为基础设计适合上海城市发展特点的时尚产业模块化发展路径。本文认为通过扶植创新要素、深化生产要素、提升消费要素、促进各个要素良性互动的措施,可以帮助上海时尚产业实现本土化和国际化的有效融合,进而实现其模块化组织价值创新。     

元明清瓷器纹饰“番莲花”研究

本文通过对中国古代文献中"西番莲"记载的梳理,释义了纹饰上"西番莲"和"番莲花"的异同,指出元明清瓷器上的番莲花图案是一种非具象的"文化寓意型"纹饰,具有兼及外来与本土两种文化的特征。在中国其与植物学意义上的西番莲的结合要晚至清代初期之后。     

复原陈列初探

复原陈列的设计布展中重要的是掌握它的真实性和可信性。复原球列创造了展示“空间的场”,但更重要的是营造公众内在需求的“心理的场”。