重庆市开县余家坝墓地2002年发掘简报

开县余家坝墓地是长江三峡地区一处极为重要的战国时期巴人墓地。本年度共发掘墓葬13座,它们在墓葬形制、棺椁制度和随葬品组合上与以往发掘墓葬存在共性的基础上,也表现出了明显的自身特色,进一步加深了我们对余家坝墓地的延续年代、埋葬习俗和化特征等问题的认识。     

徐州狮子山楚王陵墓主身份及其相关问题的初步研究

作为1995年中国十大考古发现之一的徐州狮子山楚王陵自发掘出土以来,其宏伟的规模,奇特的葬制以及出土的大量精美文物都引起了学术界的广泛关注,但由于此墓年代久远且早年遭到盗扰,其墓主身份也随学者研究角度的不同而产生了多种学说,其中牵扯到的楚王从二代到五代不等,时间跨度长达57年。就目前而言,第三代楚王刘戊为墓主说法较为盛行,但笔者从葬制、礼仪、出土文物及与相关墓葬的关系等方面综合研究后认为:以第二代楚王刘郢(《汉书》作刘郢客)为墓主更为合理。同时,在本文中作者还将对其他三种观点一一进行辨析,并就与此墓及墓主身份的有联系的相关问题,试做初步的探讨。     

崧泽遗址墓葬分区现象初探

崧泽墓地可以划分南北两个埋葬区,对墓葬资料的分析表明,崧泽遗址的这种墓葬分区埋葬现象与横向的社会分化有关,它反映了同一社会集团内部小团体间的分化。     

Prospection of two circular Bronze Age ditches with multi-receiver electrical conductivity sensors (North Belgium)

Two types of electrical conductivity sensors were evaluated to prospect circular ditches surrounding former Bronze Age burial mounds, complementing aerial photography. The first sensor was based on the electrical resistivity (ER) method, while the second sensor was based on frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (FDEM). Both sensors were designed with multiple receivers, which measure several depth sensitivities simultaneously. First, the sensors were tested on an experimental site where a rectangular structure with limited dimensions was dug in a sandy soil. The structure appeared as a higher conductivity anomaly in the low-conductivity sand. Then, both methods were applied on two Bronze Age sites with different soil properties, which were discovered by aerial photography. The first site, in a sandy soil, gave only very weak anomalies. Soil augering revealed that the ditch filling consisted of the same sandy material as the surrounding, therefore this filling was not able to cause a high-conductivity contrast. Due to its lower sensitivity to noise in the low-conductive range, the ER-sensor produced a more pronounced anomaly than the FDEM-sensor. The second site was located on top of a ridge with a shallow substrate of Tertiary, coastal sediments. The ditch was very clearly visible on the sensor maps as a conductive low. At this location, the soil augering revealed that the ditch was dug through an alternating clay-sand layer and subsequently filled up with silty material from the topsoil. Overall, the shallow receiver separation produced anomalies that were both stronger and that corresponded better to the geometry of the ditches. The other receiver separations provided more information on the natural soil layering, and in the case of the ER-array they could be used to obtain a cross-section of the actual electrical conductivity with 2-D inversion modelling. The results of this study proofed that conductivity sensors can detect Bronze Age ditches, with varying contrast depending on the soil geomorphology. Moreover, the sensor maps combined with soil observations by coring provided insight in the environmental conditions that influence the contrast of the anomalies seen on the aerial photographs and the sensor maps.     

从上博简《诗论》对于《木瓜》篇的评析看《诗经》编纂问题

《诗·木瓜》篇出自民歌 ,其主旨原为馈赠以结好 ,采编者对于其主旨加以变化 ,成为一篇讽刺和揭露佞人之作。汉儒将其作为“美齐桓公”之作 ,宋儒则以为是“男女相赠答之辞” ,当代专家则多将其视为爱情诗。上博简《诗论》表明 ,它的主旨应当是对于工于心计的谗佞小人的揭露。由此我们可以从一个侧面看出士大夫在采诗、编诗过程中变化民歌主旨的情况。《诗经》中所保存的一些民歌往往就是这种变化后的结果 ,而不是它的原创状态。《木瓜》之篇就是这方面的一个典型。     

Foot anomalies in the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic population exhumed from the rock cut cave of São Paulo 2 (Almada,Portugal)

The study of developmental abnormalities of the tarsal bones in a Portuguese Late Neolithic population was performed, as part of an ongoing research project that includes the evaluation of foot defects in Portuguese skeletal populations from Neolithic times to modern 20th century samples. Two accessory bones were found, calcaneum secundarium and os trigonum, and three non‐osseous coalitions were detected, calcaneonavicular, cuboid‐navicular and third metatarsal‐third cuneiform. The newly presented frequencies corresponded to other published sources, except for the frequency of calcaneum secundarium, higher than in previous studies (8.6% left bones; 15.2% right bones). This result suggests population homogeneity maybe due to geographic isolation and/or marriage customs although the exact pattern of inheritance of the majority of these foot anomalies is unknown. No apparent sex bias was detected and side could not be tested since these human remains were uncovered from a commingled funerary context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Artificial cranial modification on a female skeleton from the Byzantine site of Maroneia (Thrace,Greece)

Artificial cranial modification is one of the most often documented types of intentional intervention on the human skeleton in the anthropological record. A female cranium exhibiting headshaping recently came to light at the Early Byzantine site of Maroneia, in Thrace, northern Greece. Headshaping was practiced by several different population groups during the migration period (1st–9th c. AD), but was unknown in Byzantine customs. Homogeneity in burial customs, evidenced by the skeleton's position and orientation and by cemetery topography, strongly supports the hypothesis that this burial belonged to a Christianised citizen who had the right to be buried in a common Christian cemetery. Headshaping provides strong evidence for the cultural adaptability and complexity of Early Byzantine society at Maroneia, an important provincial urban centre of the Byzantine Empire. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Etruscan ointment from Chiusi (Tuscany,Italy): its chemical characterization

This paper focuses on the chemical characterization of the original contents of an Egyptian origin alabaster unguentarium, found in an Etruscan burial in Chiusi (Tuscany, Italy) and dated 150/125–100 B.C. The unguentarium, found in an intact tomb belonging to a noble woman of Chiusine society, preserved a good part of its original contents owing to a protective layer of clay. The chemical characterization was carried out using a combination of two analytical procedures based, respectively, on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).     

岭南地区汉代陶囤研究

岭南地区汉墓出土陶囤的作用是存储未脱壳的粮食,其根据盖顶的不同可分为两型,岭南地区陶囤最早见于西汉中期,当时仅出土于南海郡,根据墓葬和其自身特点,可将岭南地区陶囤年代从西汉中期至东汉晚期分为五期。     

日文提要

<東南文化>2011年第3號主な論文の要旨1.文化遺産.文化自覚.文化建設--中国文化遺産事業の発展過程を追う(曹兵武)要旨:文物史跡は過去の文化を反映するもので、文化は異なる時期における人類共同体が特定時期と空間において環境と社会に適応するものだけではなく、人類過去の生存可能性の記録でもある。故に、文化遺産は社会発展を推進させる知恵になり、決して負担ではない。改革政策実施以来、我々は文物と文化遺産及びそれらの価値に対