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京军本为守御京师(畿)而设,但随着政局的稳定和社会经济的发展,皇亲贵戚的生活越来越奢华,京城内的工程修建越来越多,大批京军被抽调借拨到建筑工地,一部分京军竟然演变成职业建筑工人。京军参与修筑的建筑物主要是宫殿庙宇。京军修筑虽然组织方便、节省费用,却严重影响到军队的战斗力,加速了军队的衰败,这也是明朝灭亡的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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博物馆,档案馆,图书馆被保护环境中气态污染物的监测和分级 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
过去几十年,美国普滤公司合作开发了一种可以用来精确评价被保护环境中存在破坏可能性的技术,用来保护珍贵的文物,艺术品及历史档案资料。他们一方面研究开发了能精确评估被保护环境的反应监测仪器和监测技术,另一方面又制订一套新的环境分级标准,使文物保护者了解被保护环境是否是安全的。现把这种文物、档案、图书保存环境的反应监测技术和环境评估的新标准介绍给国内的同行们。 相似文献
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Kristen M. Hartmann 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2016,22(4):312-324
In this article I argue that the crisis of common collective heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina is negatively affecting continued peace building processes in the country through an examination of the reconstruction of Sarajevo’s Austro-Hungarian city hall – the Vije?nica. Without a state-level ministry of culture, heritage that attests to a common cultural past uniting the three major ethno-religious groups in the country has suffered immeasurably, especially in comparison to ethnically specific cultural heritage. After the Second World War, the Vije?nica began to embody shared collective memories through its function as the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Nacionalna i Univerzitetska Biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine). The building’s destruction during the Siege of Sarajevo cemented its place within the Bosnian psyche as a collective memory institution, but its reconstruction is transforming the discourses surrounding the building and the collective memories it embodies. By investigating the reconstruction process and the post-war separation of the National and University Library from the Vije?nica, I show that common collective heritage matters for peace building, and that in Sarajevo, the decay and neglect of such institutions not only mirror the splintering dynamics of ethno-religious nationalism, but also perpetuate them. 相似文献
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本文从建筑群基址规模这一概念出发,对文献与考古资料中所体现的中国古代宫殿建筑群做了一个较为系统的探讨,既注意到建筑群基址规模随时代发展而逐渐缩小的趋势,也注意到建筑群基址规模可能是一个规制性的问题,即在大约相近的时代,同等级别的建筑群,如宫殿建筑群,其基址规模也是大体相当的。而同一时期建筑群中,等级较高的,其基址规模也比较大,因而,基址规模是中国古代建筑中一个具有标志性的不可替代的等级符号性建筑要素。从这一概念出发,本文对《周礼·考工记》中的王城规划思想做了分析,得出了更为接近古人记载的王城规划图式,并依据文献史料,发现金中都宫殿、元大都宫殿、明中都宫殿,甚至明南京圜丘坛,都采用了周回9里30步的基址规模尺度,此后的明南京、明清北京又沿袭了明中都宫殿的基址规模。而这一规制可以上溯到宋西京洛阳宫殿、宋汴梁金明池琼林苑,乃至隋唐洛阳宫城、北魏洛阳宫城的基址周回长度和基址面积规模。 相似文献
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朝鲜时代宫中举行仪礼行事时,经常排设和使用一种名为“遮日”的能够隔断日射和降雨的幕构造设施。作者以19世纪以后宫中宴享为中心分析了遮日的功能与特性,详细探讨了遮日的构成、种类、材料和排设方式等具体特性,并对在宫中仪礼行事的举行地如何使用遮日加以推断性的复原。 相似文献
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George Papatheodorou Maria Geraga George Ferentinos 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2005,34(1):95-109
An integrated remote-sensing survey was carried out in Navarino Bay, where in 1827 a battle was fought between the allied British, French and Russian navies and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet. Integration and interpretation of the remote-sensing data has shown the presence of shipwreck remains on the sea-floor and possible shipwrecks buried under the sea-bed. It has also shown that the historical remains are under threat from the heavy anchors of tankers which sink into the sea-bed and, when dragged, dig furrows, thus disintegrating the shipwreck remains. To protect the sites the construction of permanent anchoring systems away from the shipwreck remains is recommended.
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society 相似文献
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society 相似文献
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Timm Weski 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2005,34(2):269-281
Though Bavaria is far inland, at least 20 logboats are known, but only recently have some been properly recorded. This paper deals with two vessels discovered in the early 1990s. The remains at Laufen-Pfaffing represent a semi-manufactured logboat, which was purposely sunk as was the custom in Austria until the mid-20th century. The vessel from Wessobrunn-Blaik is also unfinished and shows several tool-marks. It is too narrow to float on its own: therefore it is part of a paired logboat. There is plenty of archaeological evidence for this kind of craft, but no ethnographic evidence. Apart from use as ferries, other uses are discussed.
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society 相似文献
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society 相似文献
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Chris Koski 《政策研究杂志》2010,38(1):93-117
The diffusion literature is replete with examples of highly salient policies spreading across subnational governments. However, low-salience policies that do not benefit from a groundswell of public opinion also spread across jurisdictions in patterns that appear similar to those of other, more well-known policy ideas. This research is an investigation of the mechanisms that propagate low-salience policies. I analyze the adoption of the U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy Efficient Design standard across 119 U.S. cities from 2000 to 2008. The investigation indicates that a knowledge broker, in this case the USGBC, occupies critical roles in linking a low-salience policy to a broader set of widely held societal values, developing a common policy vocabulary, providing a base policy that jurisdictions may freely adapt, and creating a diffusion infrastructure by acting as a communication hub for existing and interested jurisdictions to discuss innovations and progress. 相似文献