Lead Isotope Analyses Revealed the Key Role of Chang'an in the Mirror Production and Distribution Network During the Han Dynasty

Chang'an (now Xi'an) was the capital of the Western Han Dynasty and the starting point of the Silk Road. In the light of the importance of Chang'an as the centre of politics, economy and cultural interaction, the overarching question proposed in this paper is focused on its role in the mirror production and distribution network during Han period. On the basis of chemical and lead isotopic analyses of 34 Han mirrors, this paper discusses the potential existence of a mirror production centre in Chang'an. Meanwhile, a comparative study with mirrors uncovered from the south‐western frontier and from Central Asian and North‐East Asian countries offers new insight into these related issues.     

巴蜀带斑纹兵器的锈蚀产物分析及机理探讨

带斑纹兵器是巴蜀兵器的一大特色。由于表面有斑纹的青铜兵器锈蚀与一般青铜器锈蚀有所不同,必须针对其特殊性进行锈蚀机理的研究,才能对症下药,达到有效保护的目的。应用矿相分析、SEM EDS、XRD等分析手段对几件巴蜀带斑纹兵器表面与截面锈蚀产物进行分析,并与非斑纹锈蚀进行比较;对斑纹与非斑纹的锈蚀机理进行探讨。分析结果表明,斑纹的锈蚀产物主要是SnO2,其在兵器斑纹表面形成钝性保护膜,防止其进一步腐蚀,对斑纹下面的基体有一定的保护作用。非斑纹层锈蚀向斑纹层下面的基体扩展,膨胀是造成斑纹层凸起甚至脱落的主要原因,对斑纹兵器保护的关键是控制非斑纹层锈蚀的进一步发展。     

论两汉时期皖南铜与皖南经济

皖南地区铜矿资源丰富,两汉时期的皖南属于丹阳郡,丹阳铜以质优量多而闻名全国.两汉时期皖南铜矿得到了较大规模的开采和冶炼,同时兴起了铸钱和铜镜制造业,从而扩大了皖南地方政府的财政来源,增强了皖南地区的经济实力,推动了皖南的农业和其它行业的发展,可以说皖南铜在皖南经济发展中发挥了极其重要的作用.     

Une collection de statuettes de prisonniers au musée national de San'â'

This paper deals with a collection of nineteen bronze statuettes that take the shape of a small plate from which only legs, arms and head protrude in relief. The main interest of this corpus lies in the fact that these pieces of work, of a kind generally used to portray dedicants, present a new iconographic theme. Indeed, eighteen of them show shackled figures, probably prisoners. A comparative study suggests that this corpus may be interpreted as a set of small statuettes offered in thanksgiving, dating from the end of the first millennium BC and the beginning of the Christian era.     

全国铜器鉴定所见伪器伪铭研究——兼论鉴定的几个理论问题

本文主要依据20世纪90年代国家组织的全国文物鉴定系统工程中, 所见青铜伪器、伪铭的典型资料,进行较全面的研究,依其伪作内涵,对器体、装饰、铭文等伪作的种种表现,以及伪作中相互交叉的各种情况,尤其是对伪作铭文的多种方法和内容的复杂性给予了较为详尽的叙述。对伪作铜镜特点,也进行了阐述。文章还从理论上论述了有关青铜器与金文辨伪中的几个重要问题。其中如伪作溯源和历代伪作主要特点,辨伪的理念与方法等,均具重要意义。     

明清铜镜的时代特征

明清铜镜在继承宋金民间铸镜传统的同时,其纹饰及铭文更多地反映了当时普通人士的心态,融入了市井文化内容,形成独特的时代风格。乾隆时期,清宫内府铸制了一批独具特色的宫廷用铜镜,其工艺精湛,纹饰别具一格,是铜镜艺术的一枝奇葩。本文通过对明清铜镜造型、纹饰、款识与铭文、特殊工艺镜、仿古镜以及清宫内府造镜等几个方面进行分析比较,勾划出其时代特征,并对形成这一特征的社会根源作进一步的探讨。     

Revisiting the lead isotopic compositions of the Shang bronzes at Hanzhong and the new hypothesis of Qinling as the source of highly radiogenic lead

The provenance of the highly radiogenic lead (HRL) contained in Chinese Shang bronzes has attracted great scholarly attention in recent years. A new study of the Hanzhong Shang bronzes has put forward a hypothesis that the HRL metal may come from the adjacent Qinling Mountains. This article reanalyses the lead isotope ratios and alloy compositions of the Hanzhong bronzes. Combining the analytical results, the modern ore data and the slags from Guanzhong area, we propose that there is no direct evidence to identify Qinling as the provenance of HRL metal (especially lead). Whilst over 80% of the Hanzhong bronzes contain HRL, the indigenous artefacts containing both HRL and special alloying elements (As, Sb, Ni) account only for minor portions. This fact cannot verify that HRL originates from Qinling, and even makes it difficult to prove that most of the Hanzhong bronzes use local metal resources. An alternative argument might be that the HRL used in Hanzhong derived from the Shang dynasty. The use of HRL reflects a unified system for allocating metal resources centred on the Shang kingdom, which has great significance for further understanding of the resource circulation patterns among different bronze cultures and locations during the Shang period.     

宋代铸造的唐代年号镜——仿古和逐利影响下的宋代工艺美术个案

自1945年梅原末治《唐镜大观》著录两面"永徽元年"铜镜以来,考古出土和文物征集发现多件带有"贞观元年""贞观十六年""永徽元年""上元二年""大和元年"等唐代年号的铜镜。这些铜镜因有明确的纪年,在唐代铜镜艺术研究中曾被作为标准器对待。但这些铜镜在造型、铭文书体、纹饰等方面,皆与唐代铜镜有异,而与宋代铜镜相合。本文对5种8件带有唐代年号的铜镜予以重新考察,认为它们与一般宋代的仿唐镜不同,一是没有铸镜作坊铭或是姓氏铭;二是铜质精良;三是花纹清晰。因此,这8件器物应为宋代铸造的仿唐镜。     

[女受]鼎相关问题试析

新著录[女受]鼎属于西周早中期之际器物。铭文中不仅首见"退事"、"内宫"等用辞,且内容亦为首例女性册命任职记录。铭文内容所涉及的西周贵族家族家内制度、女性受赏任职、性别地位意识等问题,皆引起我们对西周历史认知的再思考。     

青铜瓶考识——以包山楚墓出土的“直颈平肩器”为中心

瓶是常见于先秦至汉代文献中的一种器物,出土青铜器中也有若干自名或者被学者定名为"瓶"的文物,但是这些器物要么名不符实,要么形制特殊,并未呈现出有规律的形制特征。1986年湖北荆门包山2号楚墓出土的青铜直颈平肩器,为解决"瓶"的定名问题提供了重要的线索。从器物的形态、功用以及在墓葬中的组合等方面综合分析,可以证明该类器物应该就是文献中所说的"瓶"。这种青铜瓶目前所见有16件左右,主要流行于战国时期。西汉早期以后,青铜质地的瓶走向了消亡,汉代的瓶多以陶质为主,为生活实用器,往往与井、灶等配套出土。另外青铜瓶在青铜礼器中的地位很高,其在形制上与战国秦汉时期流行的蒜头壶、青铜锺、投壶、等也有着明显的区别。