Middle Bronze Age II Battleaxes from Rishon LeZion,Israel: Archaeology and Metallurgy

Thirteen bronze battleaxes from Middle Bronze Age II graves at Rishon LeZion, Israel were analysed by ED XRF at multiple surface locations in order to determine their metallurgical composition. Six of these were further subjected to neutron diffraction using an ENGIN‐X diffractometer in order to determine bulk phase composition. The results indicate that the previously established geographical and chronological variability in Sn–Cu (with occasional Pb) and As–Cu alloys found using the former method may be an artefact of preservation and conservation. In addition, the varying homogeneity determined by the latter reflects special treatment for improving on the metal cast.     

祭器、礼器、“邵局”——关于南宋官窑的几个问题

作者在多年积累的考古实物资料的基础上,结合历史文献,探讨了与南宋官窑密切相关的诸问题：如南宋陶质祭器的使用与特征,王晋锡、邵谔与礼器局、邵局、修内司官窑的关系,南宋官窑生产的仿青铜礼器瓷的性质与用途等。作者认为,王晋锡之陶质祭器的烧造与邵谔之修内司官窑的建立,是先后发生在南宋绍兴年间的两件不同的事件,两者之间并无直接或间接的关系,南宋陶质祭器与官窑仿青铜礼器瓷在形制及用途上有本质的区别。     

湖北荆门左埭楚墓群出土金属器研究

利用XRF、金相显微分析等手段对湖北省荆门市境内左冢楚墓群出土的金属器,特别是青铜器进行了测试分析,XRF分析表明该楚墓群出土的青铜器多为铜、锡、铅三元合金,且容器的锡含量低于兵器和工具,而铅含量则相反。金相分析显示左冢楚墓群出士青铜器多为铸造组织,其中3件铸后经过不同程度的加热：而热锻成形的器物有4件,其中有一件在锻后进行了冷加工。结果显示,此批青铜器合金成分比较科学、制作工艺比较先进。     

浅析广西西林县普驮铜鼓葬

广西西林县普驮发现的“铜鼓葬”是古句町一种较为特殊的葬俗,时代为西汉晚期至东汉初,其特殊的葬俗、独特而丰富的随葬品,暗示此类葬俗是专为某类特殊的人群使用。我们认为西林普驮铜鼓葬的主人身份是句町部落集合体中具有显赫权威的精神领袖－巫师。     

古代"透光镜"产生的原理及其复制研究

古代铜镜的透光原理一直存在争议,本作通过大量实践证明,古铜镜的透光效应与铸态曲率无关,而与铜镜在加工研磨过程中产生的新的镜面曲率有关。     

The digital restoration of painted patterns on the No. 2 Qin bronze chariot based on hyperspectral imaging

The No. 2 Qin bronze chariot unearthed from Qinshihuang's Mausoleum is world famous for its huge size and colourful painted patterns. However, since it had been buried for a long time and was affected by its harsh environment, its painted patterns have been severely damaged. The traditional restoration methods, which mainly rely on expert experience, are manual, inefficient and lack scientific support. Moreover, to protect the important cultural relics, any invasive operations, such as sampling analysis, are strictly prohibited. This paper presents a method that combines hyperspectral imaging and computer technology for the digital virtual restoration of the bronze chariot's patterns. It is non-destructive, more efficient and more scientific. The method reproduces the damaged patterns with the following approaches: restoring the missing edges of the patterns; and distinguishing the different pigments. The obtained result implies that the method can digitally reproduce some of the damaged patterns, and that it can be used as a reference for recreating the patterns of the other painted bronze.     

寿县李三孤堆楚器的研究与探索

本文介绍了李三孤堆楚墓所出青铜器的流散和收藏慵况,回顾了自20世纪30年代初至今学者们对这批楚器的研究历程及成果,并从铭文释读、器物形制、器群主人及其埋葬环境几方面分别阐述了各家之说,最后通过回顾和分析总结出目前这一研究中存在的问题,提出了深入进行这一研究的重要意义,并指出了今后的研究方向。     

爵用平议--兼与《青铜爵的功用、造型及其与商文化的关系》一文商榷

关于商周青铜爵的用途,有饮酒、温酒（或兼饮酒）、滤酒等说。近年还有人认为爵是祭祀时“浇酒敬神”之用,并将其与商人的玄鸟图腾崇拜相联系。本对以上爵用诸说逐一平议,尤对“滤酒”和“图腾”二说予以详细检讨,并就图腾说下的相关问题与李少龙先生商榷。至于爵的可能的真实用途,拙《爵用新考》已为述（载《中原物》1998年第3期）。     

西周早期圆形尊的范铸模拟实验研究

在商周的青铜器中,许多都铸有扉棱,但最早出现扉棱的青铜器,应该是商中期的圆形尊,而商早期所有的青铜器都没有扉棱.在西周的圆形尊中,除了没有铸扉棱的尊外,其余多是铸有三段扉棱.青铜器上为什么要铸造扉棱?这是我们需要研究的问题.在西周一些圆形尊的表面纹饰中,常出现翘起的牛角纹饰.这些纹饰是怎么制作的?这也是我们需要解决的问题.通过范铸模拟实验,使得上述两个问题有了较为合理的解释.     

从出土实物和模拟实验看商周青铜器纹饰技术的发展脉络

通过对出土实物的观察和做模拟实验的发现,笔者认为,商周青铜器的纹饰技术伴随其范铸分型技术的进步而不断发展,同时它也引起铭文技术随之变化。商周青铜器纹饰技术具体的发展脉络为:夏代青铜器制模、制范技术不规范,纹饰技术处于摸索阶段。商早期青铜器范铸分型技术已具成熟的工艺设计思想,在素范面压塑纹饰的"纹饰压塑技术"出现;商中期青铜器纹饰技术有了划时代的进步,出现了"纹饰堆塑技术",且与"纹饰压塑技术"兼容并用;商晚期青铜器纹饰技术达到顶峰。西周青铜器范铸分型技术无明显进步,纹饰制作技术显示退化趋势;春秋中期以后,青铜器范铸工艺分型增多,纹饰技术发生改革,发明了单元纹饰范拚兑技术。