基于《金文资料库》的《尚书》文献用字研究（二）

殷周金是地下出土字材料,《尚书》语言是传世献,二大体可以认为是共时的语言材料。前局限于格式,后损失在历代流传抄写过程。将二进行参互比较,对于降低两种语言材料的读解难度,认识该时段语言及用字特点、频率,建立专家数据库,具有不可替代的价值。华东师大中国字研究与应用中心开发研制的《金资料库》,所收青铜器铭释对应的青铜器囊括2001年上半年以前所出土并发表共13271器,为以往任何金录形式所不及。本是在对《尚书》历代传本基本用字调查的基础上,开展基于计算机《金资料库》的《尚书》献用字研究。本所给出的有关数据,就目前而言都是穷尽性的。章的第一部分刊于‘中国字研究》第3辑。     

The role of the Italian Central Institute of Restoration in the field of underwater archaeology

In 1987, given the importance and complexity of the correct recovery and conservation procedures for underwater archaeological finds, an Underwater Archaeological Operations Unit was set up within the Italian Central Institute for Restoration. This Unit is made up of archaeologists, conservators, biologists and chemists, all of whom are underwater experts. It provides consultancy services and scientific and technical assistance for problems relating to the recovery, conservation, protection, and restoration of underwater archaeological heritage at the request of the Archaeological Superintendents. Great attention is paid to the professional training of underwater conservators. Specialized courses in the conservation of materials of underwater provenance are organized as part of its programme. This paper illustrates some of the main initiatives both in the restoration of archaeological objects and in training, in which the Institute has been involved, since the Underwater Unit was created.     

东周吴越铜戈比较研究

根据出土的带铭文铜戈形制分析,东周时期吴越两国铜戈形制各具特色。     

虎卣新论

虎卣即著名的青铜虎食人卣。器表是一组龙、凤、虎相斗的纹饰,人是御龙的珥蛇践蛇神,神人面对虎表现的是戏虎、弄虎。虎卣的装饰象征狩猎、治兵、敬奉山川。     

试论楚文化对晚期蜀文化的影响

本文采用考古学方法,从青铜器、陶器、漆器、葬俗等方面,探讨了楚文化对晚期蜀文化的影响。认为以楚式青铜器对晚期蜀文化的影响为主,楚式漆器次之,陶器的影响微弱。楚国的部分葬俗也被蜀人所借鉴。秦灭蜀以前,在当时各列国中,楚文化对晚期蜀文化的影响最大。     

齐国及明代钱币的金相学考察

选择钱币发展过程中几个重要阶段的钱币样品,利用金相显微镜,扫描电子显微镜及x射线能谱仪检测分析钱币的金相结构及合金成分。检测数据揭示,各历史时期钱币合金的性质与化学方法检测的同一样品的合金成分比较吻合。齐刀币早期阶段含锡量较高,晚期阶段含铅量远高于含锡量,并且成分比较稳定,表明当时已有统一的规范。黄铜合金货币的合金成分随着时代的递增发生明显的变化,由锡黄铜向无锡黄铜转化,含铅量呈下降趋势,含锌量呈增加趋势,组织形态由a相黄铜转化为a B两相黄铜,由此完成了由铜-铅-锡青铜向黄铜乃至成熟黄铜的转变过程。     

魏晋南北朝时期的铜香炉——兼论魏晋南北朝时期的熏香习俗

魏晋南北朝铜香炉可分为熏炉和熏斗两大类,总体上为汉代铜香炉样式的延续和发展,而形制有所简化。装饰艺术方面有所创新,融合新的时代因素,与同时期的其他生活家居用品风格配套。尽管受到瓷器制造业兴起的影响,铜香炉仍在生活中占有一席之地。这一时期,熏香习俗更加普及,内涵更为丰富,生活用香和宗教用香在文献中有不少记载。香料、香具和熏香习俗也随着贸易和交往传播域外。     

Electrochemical Characterization and Dating of Archaeological Leaded Bronze Objects Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles

The application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for the characterization and dating of leaded bronze objects is described. Characteristic voltammetric signatures of copper and lead corrosion products were used as markers of more or less prolonged corrosion periods. The proposed methodology was applied to samples from the Roman archaeological sites of Valeria (Spain) and Gadara (Jordan), Roman and medieval sites in Xàtiva (Spain), and modern statuary exhibited outdoors, on the campus of the Universitat Politècnica of Valencia, Spain, covering a time interval between the fourth to second century bc and the 20th century ad . For such samples, the ratio between the signals for copper and lead corrosion products decreased monotonically with the corrosion time. This variation was modelled on the basis of thermochemical and kinetic considerations, the experimental data being consistent with a potential rate law for the corrosion process.     

PMTA对青铜表面保护作用

研究了1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑(PMTA)对青铜的缓蚀性能。经盐水浸泡试验和电化学测试证明,用 PMTA 处理过的青铜片抗 Cl~-腐蚀性能较好。电子能谱分析(AES 和 XPS)表明 PMTA 与青铜合金元素配位较大,因此推测 Cu_2O、SnO_2、PbO 等相互作用而形成复杂的络合物膜起了保护作用。     

The later prehistory of mainland Southeast Asia

Until the recent expansion of research into the prehistory of mainland Southeast Asia, the development of civilizations employing Indian religious and political concepts had been seen as a major fulcrum in the area's history. The prehistoric sequence in the area is reviewed, with particular attention being paid to evidence for ritual, display, exchange, and ranking behavior within lowland sedentary communities. These date to the two or three millennia preceding Indian contact. It is argued that already by the end of the prehistoric period, there were complex centralized societies with a long tradition of recognizing status differentials among individuals, affiliated groups, and communities. The sequence incorporates the exploitation of rice, and bronze and iron working. The chronology of these innovations is compared with that in China. It is not possible at present to argue for single or multiple origins, but the area of southern China is suggested as a crucial one in further research to resolve these issues.