汉字民俗现象试析

汉字在其产生、发展、成熟和运用的过程中,也渗透出相当的民俗化现象,诸如自然祭拜、生殖崇拜、祈福禳灾、兼忌避讳、爱幼尊老,崇祀宗祖、敬惜字纸等习俗,在汉字本身就有明确的反映,从一个侧面体现了汉民族的心理发展历程。     

我国民族地区和谐发展中的经济法律保障——以民族性为视角的经济法律制度求证

发展经济既是建设和谐社会的根本手段之一,也是解决民族地区现实问题的根本手段之一。民族地区构建和谐社会,要从构建和谐的政治与法律制度入手,研究民族地区的特殊性。要坚持以经济建设为中心,完善基本的法律制度,营造有利于民族地区政治、经济、文化发展的执法环境,追求好的执法效果,以促进和谐社会建设。     

ANALYTICAL MODELS FOR BRICK MASONRY INFILLED R/C FRAMES UNDER LATERAL LOADING

Proposed in this paper are two analytical models for predicting the inelastic response of unreinforced brick masonry infills in reinforced concrete frames subjected to mono-tonic and reversed cyclic loading. The first model is based on the traditional diagonal strut concept, while the second one is a simple isoparametric element with shear deformation only. All the essential characteristics of the hysteretic behaviour of the panel, including strength and stiffness degradation, pinching and slippage, are explicitly taken into account. The models are implemented in a general-purpose program for the inelastic time-history analysis of structures, and are used for studying the seismic behaviour of typical multistorey frames with various arrangements of infill panels, including structures with an open ground storey. The results of the analysis are in agreement with both experimentally observed behaviour and with experience regarding seismically damaged buildings.     

Andrea's Baggage: Reading (in) Laforet's Nada

One overlooked feature of Andrea's arrival in Barcelona at the beginning of Nada is the old and battered suitcase that she drags with her to her relatives’ apartment. It is filled almost entirely with books, books that—we may assume—she has read and plans to read again. Reading, it is clear, has played a large part in her intellectual and psychological formation as a teenager, but one of the strands of her overall maturation process during the forthcoming year will involve achieving a greater understanding of the distortions involved in how people (including her) see life through the optic of literature and literature through the optic of life. Gradually disabused of her overly literary adolescent imaginings, then, she eventually becomes a writer—of the text that is Nada—who is well aware of the traps that reading and writing hold.     

皖南发现的青铜剑纹饰及初步研究

皖南周代青铜剑纹饰资料详实、变化丰富。剑格主要有兽面纹、蟠螭纹与几何纹,剑首基本上为弦纹圈及几何纹饰。剑首、剑格纹饰与剑体其他部位特征演变规律类似,各期特征也较为显著,存在一定的组合关系。研究表明,始自西周中晚期,设计者便注意到格、首在装饰上需要保持的平衡与协调,至春秋晚期该传统便达极致,其中剑格兽面纹的出现,是吴越青铜文化的一大改造与创新。而战国时期青铜剑纹饰的衰退则反映出吴越地区制剑审美观的转变。     

论明代士人的"异业治生"

士作为知识与智能的承载者,其治生类型大致可概括为本业治生与异业治生两种。明代士人的异业治生,主要包括耕读传家、医卜杂艺、工贾自食三种方式。由于本业治生途径的狭窄、收益低下与不稳定,中国传统社会的士人形成了"重异轻本"的治生理念。这一理念随着明代社会的变迁与商品经济的发展渐趋深化,并呈现出由重"耕"向重"贾"的演变趋势。这种演变一定程度上提升了士人的生存能力,促动了其社会人格的相对独立。但与此同时,也加深了士人对异业治生的依赖程度,导致其经济人格的渐趋软弱与社会人格独立的相对有限,并成为影响近世中国知识分子群体生存与发展的一个内在因素。     

舒城九里墩春秋墓的年代与族属析论

舒城九里墩春秋墓的时代,发掘报告认为与寿县蔡侯墓相当,若从鼎、簠、敦诸器的细部特征来看,似乎较蔡侯墓略早一些,下葬时间约在公元前500年左右。墓内残存的部分青铜礼器,具有明显的楚文化风格和特征,说明墓主人与楚国和楚文化有着密切的联系。该墓主的身份,发掘报告认为属于侯王一类的贵族阶层,很可能是群舒中某一位君主,可备一说。从其墓葬形制、规模、部分随葬器物以及当时的历史背景分析,亦不能排除为吴国高级贵族的可能性。     

秦俑头像的肖像性及其文化审美特征

本文以秦俑头像为研究对象,认为它们具有肖像性,对其表现技巧进行探讨。并且通过与古希腊罗马肖像雕刻理念的比较和阐明法家美学思想对秦兵马俑的浸润,来论述秦俑头像的文化审美特征。     

中世纪和近代早期英国关税性质的演变

中世纪和近代早期,英国关税性质发生了根本性变化,从一种国王特权税,逐渐演变为处于议会严格控制下的议会间接税。中世纪和1625年前的近代早期,关税主要是国王的一种特权税。1625-1660年间,随着议会和王权斗争的高涨,以及议会的暂时胜利,关税一度转变为处于议会直接控制下的间接税。复辟时期,关税的最终课征批准权继续掌握在议会手中,但因缺少日常操控权,其关税权残缺不全。光荣革命后,因议会在与王权的斗争中取得了决定性胜利,关税演变为完全由议会严格控制的间接税。     

河南淇县民间收集的明代长城文字砖

河南省淇县西岗村王长安,收集到750多块明代文字砖。征得其同意,笔者将他所收集的部分明代长城文字砖整理介绍出来,以飨读者。